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In 1841, John Augustus bailed out the first probationer. The offerder was ordered to appear in court three weeks later for sentencing. The man was charged with "common drunkness."
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Augustus bailed out over 1,800 persons in the Boston Courts, making himself liable to the extent of $243,234, and preventing these individuals from being held in jail to await trail
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Massachusetts was the first state to formally adopt a probation law for juveniles.
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37 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government passed juvenile and adult probation laws.
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Wyoming is the ONLY state at this time without a juvenile probation law
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All states have a juvenile probation law
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Mississippi became the last state to pass authorizing legislation. All states have a adult probation law.
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The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Golas endoreses more use of probation.
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Minnesota first state to adopt Community Corections Act, by 1995,18 states will follow.
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Martinson's widely publicized research purportedly proving that probation does not work.
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The US deaprtment of Justice conducts the first census of the US probation.
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American Probation and Parole was founded. Wisconsin implements first probation case classification system.
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U.S. Comptroller General's study of US probation concludes it is a system in crisis due to inadequate funding.
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The ISP is claim to reduce recidivism and cost.
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Electronic monitoring of offenders begins in New Mexico, and Flordia conducted an experiment on a much larger level.
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A study of felony probationers that showed a high failure rate was conducted. A later study showed that probation services ans effectiveness vary widely across the nation.
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Government Accounting Office survey all 50 states, and the outcome was all states had adopted an intensive probation program and other intermediate sanction programs.
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Funds a nationwide intensive supervision demonstration and evaluation.
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Evaluations show probation without adequate surveillance and treatment is eneffective, but appropriate programs reduce recidivism.
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The 2003 state statutes reveal that possessing the power of law enforcement/ peace officer is the only new legal proscribed function of probation officers.
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Probation population reaches 4 millions
