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The family to which humans belong first appeared in Africa. -
Species like Australopithecus afarensis (famous for the fossil "Lucy") walk on two legs and begin to show evidence of tool use. -
Homo erectus is one of the longest-surviving species in human evolution, and they had an even larger brain than Homo habilis. They used more advanced tools and possibly even fire. -
The genus Homo (which includes modern humans) appeared about 2.5 million years ago. These early hominins are thought to have evolved in Africa. -
Homo sapiens, the species to which all modern humans belong, evolved in Africa and began migrating to other parts of the world around 60,000 years ago.
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Agriculture fundamentally changes human society. Humans begin to domesticate animals and grow crops, which leads to the formation of cities and civilizations.
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Civilizations like Sumer in Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley Civilization develop writing, complex social structures, and technological innovations.
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The Industrial Revolution dramatically transforms human life with technological advances in machinery, steam engines, and mass production. It leads to rapid urbanization.
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Modern humans live in a globally interconnected world, with technological advancements such as the internet, smartphones, space exploration, and advancements in medicine and AI. -
The Neanderthals lived in Europe and western Asia. They were closely related to modern humans but had a different body structure suited for cold climates.