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28 July 1914 – 11 Nov 1918
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The Depression, set off by the October 1929 Wall Street stock market crash, hit the New South Wales economy with great severity. Unemployment, already high at 10% in mid 1929, was 21% by mid 1930 and rising, hitting almost 32% in mid-1932.
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On Sunday 3 September 1939, Prime Minister Robert Menzies declared to the nation that Australia was at war with Germany. Australia was completely unprepared. It had not maintained substantial armed forces during the years of peace.
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in 1955 the Australian Labor Party (ALP) split for the third time in its history, this time over anti-communist sentiment. The split helped keep Prime Minister Menzies' government in power for another 17 years.