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The Enlightenment was a reformist movement of the 18th century that defended the use of the light of reason to transform society. The Enlightenment despotism appeared: monarchs carried out reforms without consulting the people.
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It's an Artistic period in Europe in 18th century, Vienna was the musical capital. It was inspired by the models of the classical world and the use of reason to achieve balance and beauty. It was called Neoclassicism in the rest of the arts.
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Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have led him to be called "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet -
This was the first era in music history in which public concerts became an important part of the musical scene. Music was still being composed for the church and the court, but the advent of public concerts reflected the new view that music should be written for the enjoyment and entertainment of the common person. Musicians foun in the bourgeoisie a new audience. -
The orchestra increased in size and range, and became more standardised. The harpsichord or pipe organ basso continuo role in orchestra fell out of use between 1750 and 1775, leaving the string section woodwinds became a self-contained section, consisting of clarinets, oboes, flutes and bassoons. -
Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works of virtually every genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as among the greatest composers in the history of Western music -
The original industrial revolution transformed economy from agriculture to industry. Processes became mechanized and products were manufactured for the first time. During this period, the discovery of coal and its mass extraction, as well as the development of the steam engine and metal forging completely changed the way goods were produced and exchanged. Inventions such as spinning machines and looms to make fabric were making their appearance. -
As a result for despotism there were revolutions led by the bourgeoisie in America and Europa. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states , gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States. The success of the American Revolution provided French reformists with inspiration. It showed that revolution could succeed and that Enlightenment ideas and values could be used as the basis of a new political system -
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music -
Opera was the most important genre of secular vocal music. Two key expressions of the opera seria and opera buffa are The magic flute by Mozart, and Orpheus and Eurycide by Gluck -
Religious vocal music was in gradual decline, although the Baroque musical forms were still practiced, in particular the requiem, which was a mass for the death. -
The most representative musc forms of instrumental music were the sonata, symphony and concerto. The Piano Sonata No. 14 is a piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was completed in 1801 .The piece is one of Beethoven's most popular compositions for the piano, and it was a popular favourite even in his own day.