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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was made by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863. It ended slavey in the Confederate territory. This helped 3.1 million slaves become free. It could not help the slaves under rebellion but when the army took over they became free. This would later lead to the 13th Amendment. -
Period: to
Reconstruction to the end of Civil Rights Movement
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13th Amendment
The 13th amendment outlawed slavery. It came into effect on January 31, 1865, by President Abraham Lincoln. It was one of the three Reconstruction Amendments after the Civil War. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on citizen's "race, color, or previous condidtion of sercitude." It came into effect on February 3, 1870 by President Lincoln. It was the final piece of Reconstruction Amendments after the Civil War. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The Civil Rights Act or the Enforcement Act guaranteed african Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service. It was passed on March 1, 1875. The Supreme Court later said this act was unconstitutional in 1883. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court case that decision in the jurisprudence was to uphold the constituionaly of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". The case began in Louisiana in 1892, Homer Plessy agreed to be arrested to test the 1890 law establishing "whites only" train cars. The judge on the trail was John Ferguson declared Separate Car Act. Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court. -
NAACP
NAACP or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a African-American civil rights organization. It's mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination." It was formed by W.E.B Du Bois on February 12, 1909. -
East St. Louis Riot
The East St. Louis Riot happen on May to July 1917. It was caused by an outbreak of labor and race-related violence that caused 40 to 200 deaths. It was the worst incidence of labor-related violence. It was also one of the worst race riots in history. After it was over 10,000 people marched in silent protest in NYC for the riots. -
Executive Order 9981
This order was by Presiden Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the armed forces and led to the end of segregation in the services. He went on to establish equality of treatment and opporunity in the Armed services for people of all races, religions, and national origins. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. BOE was a Supreme Court case that established separate publc schools for black and white students unconstitiutional. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision was made on May 17, 1954 after the December 8 trial date the year before. It started in Topeka, Kansas, which 13 parents on their twenty children behave suited the school district because of its racial segregation policy. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks boarded a Montgomery City bus to go home from work. On this day she started the new era for freedom and equality. She sat near the middle of the bus just behind the 10 seats reserved for whites. As many white people entered the driver told them to move to make room. Parks did not give up her seat and was arrested and convicted of violating the laws of segreagtion. She appealed her conviction and challenged the legality of segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The boycott started on December 1, 1955 when Rosa Parks refused to surrender her seat. It was a eminal event to protest agaisnt the policy of racial segregationon the public transit in Montgomery, Alabama. The boycott ended on December 20, 1956 when the ruling of Browder v. Gayle took effect. -
Wichita & Oklahoma City Sit-ins
This was the second lunch-counter sit-in. They wanted to integrate the lunch-counters. It began in July 1958 in Wichita, Kansas at Dockum Drugs. It became integrated after a few weeks in August. On August 19, 1958 in Oklahoma City was a nationally recognized sit-in at Katz Drug Store lunch counter. It was led by NAACP Youth Leader Clara Luper. It quickly desegregated the drug store. -
Greensboro & Nashville Sit-ins
On February 1, 1960 in Greensboro, NC at Woolworth's a sit-in occured. This was a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South. The largest and best organized sit-in were in Nashville. It involved hundreds of people that led to the desegregation of the lunch counters. -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were civil rights activists that rode the interstate buses into segregated southern US, to challenge the non-enforcement of the Supreme Court case Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia. The South had ignored the rulings and the government did not enforce them. -
I Have a Dream Speech
The famous I Have a Dream Speech was made by Martin Luther King Jr. in Washington, DC, on the Lincoln Memorial. It was during the Civil Rights March. In the speech he called for an end to racism in the US. This speech had 250,000 Civil Rights supporters at it. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act oulawed the major forms of discrimination against racial, thnic, national and religious minorities, and women. It also ended unequal application of voer registration requirements and racial segregation in schools. This act became effective on July 2, 1964 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the US. It was passed on August 6, 1965. This was basically the end to the Civil Rights Movement.
