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In 1850, the Europeans had established a solid system of trade with the Africans. The untapped supply of raw materials in Africa would be invaluable to advancing any European country's own industrial revolution. This also was in their favor because it allowed them to begin the process of extending their empires and would convert many Africans to Christianity
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The Suez Canal is and artificial sea level waterway in Egypt, and was the fastest way to get from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea in the times before planes. It creation was attempted by many Egyption kings and wasn't completed until Napoleon discovered it and did so.
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Many European nations worried that war would spark amongst themselves if they let the scramble for Africa go on unregulated. The Berlin Conferance was held to divide up Africa for colonization there were several regulations put in place to ensure that the country in the act of colonizing would actually have the power to maintain the vassal state.
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In 1898 Spain and the U.S. engaged in a war which was a result of the U.S. getting involved in the Cuban War of Independence after 2 reporters instigated the American public into becoming apalled at reported atrocities by the spanish. The superior navy of the U.S. proved to be too much for the Spanish and they aquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines
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The Boers(Dutch) claimed south Africa and started growing various crops. They became attached to the land and considered themselves to be one of the land's people, calling themselves the Afrikaners. The English wanted the Cape of Good Hope and started too establish their rule in Cape Colony. Following this, a war with the Boers over the land and slave policies ensued. The Boers lost and went on the "Great Trek.
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With the use of superior weaponry and their diseases sweaping Africa the Europeans gain control of most of Africa less than fairly.
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