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Boyarin, Tsar of Russia from 1598-1605. Handwritten newspapers were created by Boris. Godunov had something to hide, and something to be interested in. After the death of Ivan the Terrible, Russia was restless: the death of Tsarevich Dmitry, then the death of Fyodor Ivanovich, which put an end to the Rurik dynasty, the trip of Russian students abroad in 1602, the announcement of an impostor going with the Poles to Moscow. So that's why he needed a newspaper. -
Due to the advent of printing and mail, people had a need for information. This is how gazette (newspaper) was born. The name of the gazette originates from the name of the Venetian coin "gazeta" (appeared in 16th century). The Venetian newspaper "La gazeta dele novità", which translates as "a gazeta (halfpenny) of news" was sold for one gazeta . The denomination of this coin gave the name to all subsequent newspapers through the name of the first weekly newspaper in Paris. -
It was important for the rulers to know news from the world. This is how the news agency was created in the early 17th century. They had a secret order to collect events abroad and write them to the newspaper. Such a handwritten paper was called "Vestovye letters" or "Courant". It was a strict diplomatic secret. Sometimes it was written in a single copy for Boris Godunov or cpuld shown in crowded places in Moscow so that literate people could find out what was going on in the state.
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The first newspapers appeared in Germany. The newspaper, which began with the words "Relation: Aller Furnemmen", appeared in January 1609 in the city of Strasbourg, and it contained news from Cologne, Antwerp, Rome, Venice, Vienna and Prague. But it wasn't actually a newspaper. It was kinda a mix of gazette and magazine. Also the whole 17th centuries there was no weekly gazettes. -
The newspaper began to be published constantly in Moscow in 1621 (although they still appeared in June 1600 but were written in secret for rulers) and continued publishing news until the beginning of the 18th century, but in 1702 it turned into printed "St. Petersburg News. -
The newspaper was created "by order" of Richelieu, who became a cardinal of France in 1622. In fact, Richelieu personifies the power of France in this difficult time. An official and controlled newspaper was needed to propagate the policy pursued. Such a newspaper (La Gazette) appears in May 1631, and in October Renaudeau receives a royal privilege to publish it. The privilege gives him "the right to print and sell to whomever he sees fit".This is how authoritarian journalism appears. -
"An Act declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown".
The Bill of Rights became English press law. Journalism and power were on the same level, and any disputes that arose between them were resolved by parliament. -
For a whole century, the Courants were written by hand. And only in 1702 Peter 1 decided to publish a printed newspaper with foreign and domestic incidents for all Russian people. -
American journalism concept starts with "The Bill of Rights"( US Constitution), which enshrine the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen (amendments 1-4) and provide a mechanism for their implementation ( 5-10).
The amendments were proposed by James Madison on September 25, 1789 at the first session of the United States Congress and took effect on December 15,1791.The First Amendment regulates the relationship between journalism and government (freedom of the press). -
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The first permanent photographic image was created in 1822 by the French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. It's the beginning of photojournalism flow. -
The first electromagnetic telegraph was created by the Russian scientist Pavel Lvovich Schilling in 1832. The telegraph tape often broke, and so people invented a principle that allowed them to share news more effectively.It helped to create the inverted pyramid- the way of telling the news in journalism -
This invention helped to decrese the speed of getting the news from one city to another -
This is a French law that was passed during the Third Republic. It defines the freedoms and duties of the French press, establishes the legal basis for publication, as well as for public display, sale and sale on public roads.
It is often regarded as the founding legal text of freedom of the press and freedom of speech in France, inspired by Article 11 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August 26, 1789.This French concept finally shapes modern journalism.