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Dred Scott V. Sandford
Dred Scott tried suing his owner for his family's freedom by saying his time spent living in free territories left him as a free man and family. The Supreme Court came to the decision of since slaves or their descendants were not citizens they could not sue in court. The Citizenship Clause eventually overruled this and gave a broad definition of citizenship. -
The 14th Amendment is Proposed and Ratified
When The fourteenth amendment was proposed. It included three major clauses and several others dealing with the Confederacy. The Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection. South Carolina was the last state that it needed to approve the amendment. -
South Carolina and Louisiana
Louisiana and South Carolina ratify the 14th amendment. This gives the amendment the necessary three-fourths of the states to ratify. -
Civil Rights Court Cases
There have been five separate cases with the main topic of civil rights. The main one that stood out to me was the ruling on October 15, 1883, that ruled the civil rights act of 1875 unconstitutional. -
Lochner V. New York
Due Process Clause states that local and state governments cannot deprive a person of life, liberty, or property. Lochner, a small bakery owner. One day he allowed an employee to clock in more hours than the 60 hours in a week which New York did not allow. Court declared a state cannot regulate weekly work hours. -
Women of Color Voting
Similar to black men gaining the right to vote, black women faced methods such as literacy tests and poll taxes, attempting to prevent them from voting. The voting right of black women is something that should have been protected by the 14th Amendment but was not enforced. -
Perry V. The United States
John Perry bought a $10,000 gold bond. When Perry purchased the bond, the standard gold dollars contained 25.8 grains of gold. By the time Perry turned in the bond Congress the standard gold dollar to 15 grains. Perry ran into this and thought that this was unfair because he would not get the whole amount back. -
Brown vs Board of Education
The equal protection clause of the 14th amendment played a large role in the Brown v. Board of Education court case. After original ratification races different facilities as long as they were equal. The Court later ruled schools were no longer to be segregated. It was also known that black school buildings were never equal. -
Protests Against Integration
The whites wanted to keep segregation so they protested. This all started when a girl named Linda Brown didn't want to walk five miles to her school but just wanted to walk one. In the Brown versus Board of Education case, the Supreme Court declared that those separate educational facilities are unequal making Jim Crowe laws anywhere in the nation illegal. -
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last state to ratify
Kentucky, a pro-slavery state prior to the Civil War, also ratified the 13th and 15th on this day. Ohio was the final state to ratify the 14th Amendment. The state of Ohio becomes the last state in the Union to ratify the 14th Amendment.
