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Marbury vs. Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall
Does Marbury have a right to the commission? Does the law grant Marbury a remedy? Does the Supreme Court have the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are unconstitutional and therefore void? Can Congress expand the scope of the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction beyond what is specified in Article III of the Constitution? Does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus?
Yes. Marbury has a right to the commiss -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Chief Justice John Marshall
Does Congress have the power under the Constitution to incorporate a bank, even though that power is not specifically enumerated within the Constitution? Does the State of Maryland have the power to tax an institution created by Congress pursuant to its powers under the Constitution?
Yes. Congress has power under the Constitution to incorporate a bank pursuant to the Necessary and Proper clause (Article I, section 8). No. The State of Maryland does not have the power -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Chief Justice John Marshall
May a state enact legislation that regulates a purely internal affair regarding trade or the police power, or is pursuant to a power to regulate interstate commerce concurrent with that of Congress, which confers a privilege inconsistent with federal law? Do states have the power to regulate those phases of interstate commerce which, because of the need of national uniformity, demand that their regulation, be prescribed by a single authority? Does a state have the pow -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Was Dred Scott free or a slave?
No, he was a slave.
Articles III and IV -
Reynolds v. United States
Chief Justice Morrison Waite
Is polygamy allowed under the first amendment (religious freedom) even though there is an Anti-Bigamy law?
No
First Amendment -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Chief Justice Melville Fuller
Is Louisiana's law mandating racial segregation on its trains an unconstitutional infringement on both the privileges and immunities and the equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Equal but separate accommodations for whites and blacks imposed by Louisiana do not violate the the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment -
Schenck v. US
Chief Justice Edward Douglass White
Are Schenck's actions (words, expression) protected by the free speech clause of the First Amendment?
The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment does not shield advocacy urging conduct deemed unlawful under the Espionage Act
Freedom of speech, First Amendment -
Gitlow v. New York
Chief Justice William Howard Taft
Is the New York law punishing advocacy to overthrow the government by force an unconstitutional violation of the free speech clause of the First Amendment?
The Free Speech Clause does not shield Gitlow from the New York statute
Free Speech, First Amendment -
Palko v. Connecticut
Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes
Does Palko's second conviction violate the protection against double jeopardy guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment because this protection applies to the states by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause?
Protection against double jeopardy is not a fundamental right and thus falls outside constitutional protection
Due Process, Fourteenth Amendment -
Everson v. Board of Education
Chief Justce Fred Vinson
Did the New Jersey statute violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment as made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment?
The New Jersey law reimbursing parents for transportation costs to parochial schools did not violate the Establishment Clause.
Establishment Clause, First Amendment -
Brown v. Board
Chief Justice Warren
Does the segregation of public education based solely on race violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Separate but equal educational facilities for racial minorities is inherently unequal violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Fourteenth Amendment -
Mapp v. Ohio
Chief Justice Warren
Were the confiscated materials protected by the First Amendment? (May evidence obtained through a search in violation of the Fourth Amendment be admitted in a state criminal proceeding?)
The Court brushed aside the First Amendment issue and declared that "all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by [the Fourth Amendment], inadmissible in a state court."
Fourth Amendment -
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Engel v. Vitale
Chief Justice Warren
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the "establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment?
Yes. Neither the prayer's nondenominational character nor its voluntary character saves it from unconstitutionality. By providing the prayer, New York officially approved religion.
First Amendment -
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