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Founded by Joint Stock Company, London Company and John Smith. The first town was Jamestown. This colony was made because of economic reasons, gold and tobacco. They are a royal colony with a representative government, the House of Burgesses.
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Virginia Company, John Smith, and John Rolfe. Survived because of tobacco.
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This was a way to atract immigrants. It offered 50 acres of land to each (1) immigrant who paid for his own passage and (2) any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage. Tension with the Native Americans rose because of this.
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First representative assembly in America. In 1660s when tobacco prices were low, they attempted to raise them but England merchants retaliated by raising their own prices on goods exported to Virginia. They enacted the law that discriminates between blacks and whites (1660s).
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This was written on the Mayflower ship in 1620. The pilgrims drew this up and signed it. It called for a self governing and established the powers and duties of the government, an early form of written constitution.
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1621---Pilgrims---Plymouth Colony 1630—Puritans--Mass. Bay ColonyWilliam Bradford---Pilgrims John Winthrop---PuritansPlymouth colony mergeswith Mass. In 1691Royal colonyMayflower CompactThis colony was founded for religious freedom.
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Penn founded for religious freedom for the Quakers. The Holy Experiment was conducted here. All people were invited here.It was a representative colony and a Royal colony.
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1634–1638. The Pequot tribe fought against theMassachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies. It was started because of trading problems with the colonists and other tribes. The colonists won, but many were killed on both sides.
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Founded by Reverend Thomas Hooker through a royal charter. This was founded because of religious freedom and to settle in new areas. It is a self governing colony. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was written here (1639)
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Founders are Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison. This colony was founded because of the religious problems in Massachusetts, so they branched off and created another colony with true religious freedom.
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Written in Hartford. It established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature.
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was founded by Lord Baltimore. Religious toleration—those who had a belief in Christ. Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 allowed for persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland. They had a representative government and was a proprietary colony.
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1st colonial statue granting religious freedom to all christians. Called for the death of anyone who denied Jesus. Repealed in the late 1660s because of protestant revolt. Maryland.
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1) trade to and from colony only be english or colonial built ships and only operated by english or colonial crews2) all goods imported to colony, except some perishables, could pass only through parts in england3) specified goods from england only - tobacco Good effects- ship building prospered, Chesapeake tobacco had monopoly in england, english military protected colonists from Spanish and French attacks Bad effects- Chesapeake farmers low prices, colonists pay prices for things from Engl
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1650s-1700sJohn Locke, 18th century english philosopher and political theorist. "Two treaties of government" - government is supreme but it is bound to follow natural laws. Diests believe God had established natural laws in creating the universe but the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal. They believed rationalism and trusted human reason to solve things. Jean Jacques Rousseau 1760s-1770s
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Because the new generation seemed more interesting in material success rather than spiritual some clergymen allowed people to take part in church services and activities without making a formal declaration of their total belief in faith. People started reading bibles and such at home, which caused the church to loose some members.
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Founded by John Locke and 8 English nobles. They set up a new colony based on social class but it failed and split into two parts (1712). This colony had a representative government and was a royal colony.
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Indian land—Dutch and Swedish gift from King Charles II to brother James---gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. This colony attracted new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists. It was a royal colony.
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Founded by Henry Hudson for Netherlands, then the Duke of York of England named it New York. The english fleet takes New Amsterdam from Dutch in 1664 and becomes New York City Good harbor for trade. 1689---English Bill of Rights. There was a representative government and it was a royal colony.
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1675-1676. Chief of the Wampanogs named Metacom (know to the colonists as King Phillip) started a war against the New England colonies. Thousands on both sides were killed. One native american told the colonists where to go to kill King Phillip (because King Phillip killed the native americans brother for a bad reason). This ended the Native American resistance in New England.
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Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion Berkley's governing. As well as going against the government he raided indian villages and killed them. Burned the Jamestown settlement. This event highlighted two long lasting disputes, 1) sharp class differences between wealthy planters and landless or poor farmers 2) colonial resistance to royal control. It also pointed out that blacks and whites could unite to create a large army.
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John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges came from Mass. Bay Colony to found this colony. Religious freedom greater opportunity in frontier, and fur, fishing and lumber industry were the reasons it was founded. It is a royal colony.
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Disposed of King James II of power and replaced with WIlliam and Mary. 1688–1689
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New York, New Jersey, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were combined to form the Dominion of New England, lead by Sir Edmund Andros. After hearing the news of the Glorious Revolution in England, the colonies revolted to Sir Edmund Andros's unfair rule and got the colonies to go back to how they originally were (1688)
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1692-1693People were accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts. Many women and children were killed.
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Was founded by Swedes. Delaware was passed from the Swedes to Lord Baltimore to William Penn before finally becoming independent.
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1730s-1740s was the strongest time for this movement. This movement was characterized by the fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. Jonathan Edwards (Sinners in the Angry hands of God, 1741) and George Whitefield (Preacher, 1739 went to each colony gathering large crowds preaching really loudly and passionately) were both large parts of the Great Awakening. It caused an increased religious diversity. This was also when the call for separation of
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This colony was founded by James Oglethorpe. It was to provide a place for debtors could start a new life and to buffer against Spanish Florida. It was a royal colony.
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He printed something bad about the governor, Cosby, but because it turned out to be true he was let go. This was the start of freedom of the press.
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1754-1763 (the seven years war)This war ended with the Peace of Paris peace treaty in 1763. The British got French Canada and Spanish Florida. The colonists didn't have to worry about French, Spanish, or Native American attacks anymore. The British army wasn't impressed with the colonials efforts and the colonies weren't impressed with the British army.
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Chief Pontiac lead a major attack on colonial settlements on western frontier. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonists from settling west o the Appalachian Mountains. This made the colonists angry, and in defiance thousands moved westward.
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This said that colonists could not live westward of the Appalachian mountains. This made the colonists angry and thousands moved west.
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(revenue act of 1764) Placed duties on forgien sugar and certain luxuries. Its main purpose was to make money for the church. it also provided for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling.
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This required colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers.
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Parlament enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper. Revenues raised to be used to pay crown officials in colonies. It also provided for the search of private homes for smuggled goods.
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5 colonists died. British soldiers were being yelled at and provoked by angry colonists. The soldiers didn't want to hurt the colonists but after being hit over the head someone shot out, causing more shots to be fired. Crispus Attucks was an African American slave that was killed first.
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Its principal overt objective was to reduce the massive surplus of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. This act caused the Boston Tea Party.
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The Sons of Liberty in Boston protested against the tax policy and Tea Act by throwing the tea that came from england into the ocean.
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These acts were made to punish the people of Boston. (Coercive acts 1774)1) Port Act closed the port of Boston2) Massachusetts government Act reduced the power of the legislature 3) Administration of Justice Act allowing royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in england4) Expanded quartering Act5) Quebec Act - organizing Canada lands
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"The shot heard around the world". The British were trying to get to supplies in Concord and were ambushed on their way out after they had destroyed some of the supplies. Paul Revere and William Dawes warned and assembled the Minute Men (the militia) who attacked British.
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New Endlang colonies -> Declare Independence!Middle colonies -> new relationship with BritainGeorge Washington was appointed commander in chief
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It was actually on Breeds Hill. Farmers turned militia fought British. Americans killed thousands of the British but we still lost.
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Sent to King George III. Pleaded loyalty and asked the king to intercede with parliament to secure peace and protection of colonists. King George III dismissed it and instead did the Parliament Prohibitory Act (august 1775). This Act said that the colonies declared rebellion and that all trade with colonies must stop.
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Thomas Paine's argument for independence. It argued for the colonies to become Independent states. It asked why a small country so far away should rule a big country like this. It also pointed out that the British government was corrupt.
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(The American Colonies Act 1766) Was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765. This gave Parliament the power to tax and make laws for colonies "in all cases whatsoever"
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Richard Henry Lee introduced the resolution to declare independence. Jefferson wrote it. July 4th 1776 was when it was signed.
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This battle convinced the French to 'come out' with their aiding of America and fully support them. In this battle America beat the British. September 19 and October 7, 1777
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This was the last major battle. It forced the surrender of General Charles Cornwallis (British).
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1) Britain would recognize the United States as independent union2) Mississippi river would be western boundary 3) americas would pay debts owed British merchants and honor loyalists claims to land
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During the summer Daniel Shay lead a rebellion on states high taxes, imprisonment of debt, and lack of paper money.
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Large territories lying between great lakes and Ohio river. Set rules for creating a new state.
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Meeting of founding fathers in Philadelphia. Created the document that james Madison wrote. They talked about the New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, and 3/5 Compromise. From May 25 to September 17, 1787
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signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789. The act established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general.
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Presbyterian minister Charles Finney. Expansion of Baptists and Methodists, especially in the south. Joseph Smith created the Mormon faith in 1830. Under the leadership of Brigham Young the moved to Utah (not a state at the time). Polygamy produced conflict with the U.S. government. William Miller gave specific date for the ‘second coming’(Oct. 21, 1844). After disappointing his followers the Millerites would continue as Seventh-Day Adventists.
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Known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a resistance movement in the western part of the United States in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with various policies of the eastern-based national government. 1791–1794
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In 1792, Alexander Chisholm attempted to sue the state of Georgia over payments that were due to him The Chief of Justice at this time was John Jay. Georgia, refused to appear, claiming that, as a "sovereign" state, it could not be sued without granting its consent to the suit. The court denied this and made it possible for the State and a private citizen to have a dispute in court.
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Because of Chisholm v. Georgia the Eleventh Amendment was ratified in 1795. This removed federal jurisdiction in cases where citizens of one state or of foreign countries attempt to sue another state.
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1797-1798An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
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The Naturalization Act repealed and replaced theNaturalization Act of 1795 to extend the duration of residence required for aliens to become citizens of the United States from five years to fourteen years.
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The Alien Act authorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." It was activated June 25, 1798, with a two year expiration date.
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The Sedition Act made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or certain officials. It was enacted July 14, 1798, with an expiration date of March 3, 1801 (the day before Adams' presidential term was to end).
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The transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans in a peaceful manner was the most significant and surprising change in the election. It was singled out as a break from European precedent, in which power transfers were often violent and bloody. Another departure from standard politics up to the election was the greater appearance of popular democracy. The vote was ultimately decided upon by the House of Representatives, where members are directly chos
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Nonintercourse Act (1809)-President Madisons attepmt to end the economic hardships brought on by Jefferson's Embargo act, this act claimed that America could trade with all nations except France or Britain.
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This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review. Midnight Judges- power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government, The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.
Argued February 11, 1803
Decided February 24, 1803 -
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. The purchase of the territory of Louisiana took place during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, the purchase faced domestic opposition because it was thought to be unconstitutional. Although he agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain provisions for acquiring territory, Jefferson decided to go ahead
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Embargo Act (1807)-This was an alternate to war with the British, a solution to the Chesapeake Affair. This prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port. This plan backfired and brought economic hardship to America. South Africa replaced the U.S.’s spot with trading with Great Britain. Merchant marine and ship builders from New England were really affected by this act causing New England to think about seceding from union. It was repealed in 1809, but U.S. st
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In 1810, while Marshal was the judge of the Supreme Court, this was a case over land fraud in Georgia. Marshal decided that the state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract. This was the first time that the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid.
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This was a cause of the War of 1812. Actually in 1811, Americans that moved west kept pushing the Native Americans out of their homes and further away. Tecumseh and Prophet, brothers from the Shwanee tribe, attempted to unite all of the tribes along the Mississippi river in order to rebel. General William Henry Harrison was convinced by the white settlers to take action. In the Battle of Tippecanoe crushed the Shwanee headquarters and squashed the Natives hopes creating an
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a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England, was trying to interfere with American trade with France.
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Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.
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It came at the end of the two-term presidency of Democratic-RepublicanJames Madison. With the Federalist Party in collapse, Madison's Secretary of State, James Monroe, had an advantage in winning the presidency against very weak opposition. Monroe won the electoral college by the wide margin of 183 to 34.
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New Hampshire tried to take over a college by revising a charter(charters are protected under the contract clause of the U.S. constitution) Marshall was Chief Justice
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The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. -
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)-Named after Nathaniel Macon, a member of congress, it restored trading with Britain and France in order to boost the still down economy. It said that if either of the nations formally agreed to respect U.S.’s neutral rights at sea then the U.S. would prohibit trading with that countries foe.
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1823 landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that held that private citizens could not purchase lands from Native Americans. Thomas Johnson bought land from Native Americans in 1773 and 1775. William McIntosh was given a land patent by the government that was apparently the same land that Johnson had. In 1823 the Supreme Court, headed by Marshal, said that private citizens can not buy land from Native Americans.
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A landmark supreme court case that gave congress the ability to regulate interstate commerce via the Commerce Clause.
Argued February 5, 1822
Decided March 2, 1824 -
This was when John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay made a deal that if Clay used his influence in the House than Adams would make him secretary of state.
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This was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The treaty largely restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum. Due to the era's slow speed of communication, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States, well after the Battle of New Orleans had begun.
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Adams was going for reelection but the Jacksonians, Jackson followers, were prepared to win. Lots of parties were held where they paraded and ate barbecue and it turned into smearing the competitions name. Because of the smearing of names it gained more attention and three times the number of voters participated in the election of 1828 as in the previous election. Jackson won.
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Jackson's concept off democracy did not extend to Native Americans. Because white people wanted the land he thought the most humane solution was to compel the Native Americans to leave their homelands and resettle west of the Mississippi. This act forced the resettlement of many thousands of Native Americans. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1836 to assist the resettlement of the tribes.
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Texas won its independence from Spain in 1823.In March 1836, Texas won its independence from Mexico.
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It solved a dispute between Maine and British canada. Also solved Minnesota territory.
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Northerners who opposed slavery didn't want to annex Texas. Instead of going with Martin VanBuren (leading the north) or John C Calhoun (proslavery, pro annexation southerner), the people went with James K Polk (Pro annexation of Texas, fifty-forty or fight!).
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David Wilmont proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico. It was never passed.
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Joh Sidell was sent to Mexico to settle disputes over Texas, and convince the Mexicans to sell California and New Mexico territories. He failed. On April 24th, 1846 a Mexican Army captured and killed 11 American patrol men. Winfield Scott (American) captured Mexico city in September of 1847. April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848
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(Mexican cession)1) Rio Grande = Texas southern border2) U.S. got California and Nevada Mountains but the U.S. paid 15 million for it
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Mexico sells thousands of acres of land to U.S. for 10 million.
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President Polk offered to purchase Cuba from Spain for 100 million but Spain said no. President Franklin Pierce sent 3 American diplomats secretly into Ostend, Belgium to talk about buying Cuba.
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Scott is not a citizen and cannot sue. He is not free. Congress cannot ban slavery in territories.
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An economic boom ended in 1857. Serious drops in prices. Unemployment in the North. Southern cotton prices were still high.
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John Harper and his sons tried to seize a U.S. arsenal and start a slave rebellion. It failed and all his sons were killed and he was captured.
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Secession SC (Dec.20.1860), GA (jan.19.1861), FLA (Jan.10.1861), ALA (Jan.11.1861), MISS (Jan.9.1861), LA (Jan.26.1861), TEX (Feb. 1.1861), VA (Apr.17.1861), NC (May.20.1861), TENN (June.8.1861), ARK (May.6.1861)
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Victory for the south. Beauregard and Stonewall.
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"Bloodiest Single Day of the War". Lincoln removes McClellan again. 23,000 casualties
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Only for states in the confederate not the border states who kept their slavery.
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Wealthy could find a substitute or pay $300
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Lots of people started to burn places in NYC in revolt of the draft
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Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an "iron clad" oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion). Required a state constitutional convention before the election of state officials. Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen's liberties.
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Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant after being trapped by the Union forces.
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Freed the slaves
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1) Military Reconstruction Act 2) Command of the Army ACt 3) Tenure of Office Act
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Due to Sewards lobbying and appreciation of Russian support during the Civil War, Congress in 1867 agreed to purchase Alaska for 7.2 million
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Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction
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Provided a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. Insure against neo-Confederate political power. Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.
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Black men got the right to vote
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"the money question". Debtors seek inflationary monetary policy by continuing circulation of greenbacks. Creditors, intellectuals support hard money. (6-year depression)
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"The Great Betrayal" an informal deal settled the dispute of the 1876 U.S. election and ended Reconstruction in the South. Hayes won on the understanding that Tilden (the democrat nominee) that Hayes would remove the federal troops from southern states.
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Hayes uses federal troops in labor dispute for first time. Hayes argues he must protect mail.
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Assassinated by someone in his own party
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Civil Service Act. The "Magna Carta" of civil service reform
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Destroys the Knights of Labor
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adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Dawes Act was amended in 1891 and again in 1906 by the Burke Act.
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Gets ride of bad trusts.
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Some soldiers went to a Lakota tribe to unarm them, but a deaf Native American didn't want to give up his gunand a scuffle happened resulting in a shot fired. Then all the Native Americans were killed, men, women, and children.
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The workers refused to work until better conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours were given. The pinkerton people were brought in to sort things out.
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Battleship in Havana, cuba when it exploded killing 260 Americans. Yellow press claimed it was Spain that did it. McKinley issued an ultimatum to Spain to demand a ceasefire in Cuba. Spain agreed.
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Responding to the Presidents message Congress declared U.S. had no intention of taking Political control in Cuba and once peace was restored to the island Cuban people could run their own government.
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In the 1980's a wave of Jingoism(intense form of nationalism calling for an agressive foreign policy). Expansionists demand U.S. take its place with imperialist nations of Europe as world power. April 25 – August 25, 1898.
American Victory
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Independence of Cuba
Outbreak of the Philippine–American War -
Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany had all established spheres of influence in China meaning that they could dominate trade and investment in their sphere (a particular port or region of China). Joh Hay (McKinley's secretary of state) dispatched a diplomatic note in 1899 to nations holding spheres, he asked them to accept the consequence of an Open Door where all nations have equal power. It worked.
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Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan and the republicans nominated McKinley with Roosevelt as vice president. McKinley won
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Cuba agreed to1) never to sign a treaty with a foreign power that impended its independence 2) never build up an exercise public debt 3) to permit the UNited states to intervine in Cubas affairs to pressure its independence and maintain law and order4) to allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba, including one at Guantanamo Bay
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Xenophobia (hatred and fear of foreigners) were on the rise in China. A secret society of Chinese nationalists (society of harmonious fists or boxers) attacked foreign settlements and murdered dozens of Christian missionaries. The U.S. millitary came in and defeated them. Hay created a second note stating U.S. commitment to 1) preserve Chinas territotial integrity as well as 2) safeguard "equal and impartial trade with all ports of the chinese empire". Autumn 1899 – 7 September 1901
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A revolution in Panama. Roosevelt supported the revolt in 1903. Rebellion succeeded with U.S. help with almost no bloodshed. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 granted U.S. states long term control of canal zone. 1904-1914 was when the canal was being built. George Goethals and Dr. William Gorgas helped majorly in the building of the canal. Congress voted in 1921 to pay Columbia and identity of 25 million for loss of Panama.
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In 1902 the British dispatched warships to Venezuela to force that country to pay its debts. In 1904 European powers stood ready to interviene in Santo Domingo for the same reason, which was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. The US began to interviene when necessary meaning that the US sent out gunboats to a latin american country that was delinquent in paying debts. US sailors and marines would occupy the countries major ports and manage the collection of taxes until European debts were satis
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California was discriminating against Japanese-Americans which Japan considered an insult. The Japanese government secretly agreed to restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the US in return for Roosevelts persuading California to repeal discrimination laws.
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Election of 1908 - William Howard Taft became president
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formed in response to the practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield. a group of white liberals (Mary White Ovington and Oswald Garrison Villard, William English Walling and Dr. Henry Moscowitz) issued a meeting to discuss racial justice. Some 60 people, seven of whom were African American (including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell). The NAACP's principal objective is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority gr
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Woodrow Wilson called for a New Freedom government and promised a moral approach to foreign affairs. Opposed big-stick and dollar diplomacy and imperialism. He won.
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General Victoriano Huerta became a Dictator in 1913. Tampico incident in 1914 where the US had begun an arms embargo against Mexican government and sent a fleet to blockade the port of Vera Cruz, lead Mexico and the US to almost go to war. South Americas ABC powers (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) offered to meditate the dispute.
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Philippines- Jones Act of 1916 which granted1) granted full territorial status to that country2) graduated a bill of rights and universal male suffrage to filipino citizens. This was part of Wilsons Moral Diplomacy in righting past wrongs.
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The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement". Jazz music, plays, movies, books, and more came out during this period.
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1919–1920 was marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism. Concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and alleged spread in the American labor movement fueled the paranoia that defined the period. After World War 1
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describes the race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities in the United States during the summer and early autumn of 1919. In most instances, whites attacked African Americans. The riots followed postwar social tensions related to the demobilization of veterans of World War I, both black and white, and competition for jobs among ethnic whites and blacks.
