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History of Special Education
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Perkins Institution for the blind
A school located in Massachusetts currently. Was originally established in 1832 as the founder Dr. John Dix Fisher was inspired after visiting the first school for the blind in the world located in France. The school was created and funded with a charter from the state of Massachusetts with extra funding from the school for the deaf. This school was the first of its kind in the United stated and was and continues to be for the growth and education of deaf children. -
Cuyahoga Council for Retarted Citizens
The council was established in Columbus Ohio as a means to assist children in the region who had been excluded from public schools due to being deemed different from the typical student. This group was led by the parents of children with developmental disabilities. Though it eventually became a way of protecting and helping the children it originally was formed as a way for parents of children with disabilities to come together and help one another. -
Classification of Autism
Dr. Leo Kanner, a psychologist from John Hopkins University, introduced the classification of Autism for the first time. He described it as “a neurodevelopmental disorder” in which children are seen to not hold the same typical characteristics as regular children and tend to be hyper fixated on objects or subjects and were not able to socialize as expected. -
Brown vs Board of Education
The focus was fighting the “separate but equal” idea that black and white children should be held in separate schools as long as they are “equal”. With this ruling, it was determined that separate did not mean equal and was therefore not justified. Students should have access to the same opportunities and because of this integrated public schools became the norm. This set a precedent for the inclusion of all students which would be applied to special needs students in the near future. -
Department of Public Welfare vs Haas
The case originated by Hass being charged maintenance fees due to the child's absence. In the supreme court of Illinois, it was held that the state's mandatory attendance requirements did not mean the state was required to provide free public education for students who were determined as mentally deficient. In the end, it was determined that free education is a right for all children and the previous laws were revised to make them less likely to contradict one another. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed in 1965 as part of President Johnsons War on Poverty. It was designed to close gaps in academic skills between students of low-income backgrounds and those who are considered better off. This was the beginning of Title 1 as a category for schools. [https://www.eseanetwork.org/about/esea] -
P.L 94-142 The Education for All Handicapped Children act
In 1975 Public law 94-142, otherwise known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was passed in congress. It required all schools to receive a certain amount of federal funding in order to provide accommodations for students with disabilities and handicaps. This was done in order to ensure all students would have equal access to education in the United States. [https://mn.gov/mnddc/rud-turnbull/rud-turnbull-04.html] -
ADA and IDEA were passed
In 1990 both the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Individuals with disabilities education act were signed into law by President G Bush within a few months of one another. The ADA affirmed that people with special needs have equal rights as those without and they are not to face any discrimination in places such as schools and work. The IDEA provided the statutes and laws schools are supposed to use in order to provide an equal education with the use of accommodations. -
No Child Left Behind
The no child left behind act was signed into law by President George W Bush in January of this year. This was an update to the Elementary and Secondary Education act of 1965 and created new goals and standards that public schools around the country we required to follow. It was designed to close achievement gaps between all students by ensuring all students have fair and equal access to education. -
IDEA Revised and Improved
The Individuals with disabilities education act was revised in 2004 to better meet the needs of students with special needs. It now ensured that children with disabilities will have the same opportunity for education through the requirement such as IEP’s now including services and recommendations to be backed up by evidence of peer-reviewed research. It was at this time renamed to the Individuals with Disabilities with Education improvement act of 2004.