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Brown V. Board of Education of 1974
This was a case that helped make a major turn in civil rights action. The decision within this case affected many of the educational laws and procedures and it also resulted in many changes in policies within school districts regarding students with disabilities. This helped to build equal opportunity in school systems.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
This act was signed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. This particular law was the first time that the federal government provided money to the different states to help in education all groups of students. This law helped students with disabilities as it provided money to better education for those disadvantaged students. (Yell, Pg. 41, 2016)Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children V. Common Wealth of Pennsylvania:
PARC sued the Common Wealth of Pennsylvania on a law that allowed public schools to deny education to students who were not attained a mental age of 5 years old. It came into a settlement in 1972; the US Court Judge mandated that the state provide students between the age of 6 and 21 yrs old a FAPE.LI, Louie. "PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, DC." PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, DC. Rooted in Rights, 11 Dec. 2013. Web. -
Mills Vs. Board of Education, 1972:
A case where a suit was filed against District of Columbia’s Ed. Department in regards to out of school students with disabilities. This act was in regards to 7 students who had a variety of disabilities that were denied, or excluded from public education. “Mills resulted in a judgment against the defendant school board mandating that the board provide all children with disabilities a publicly supported educationYell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
Free Appropriate Public Education
This is a law that ensures students receive an educational program that is put into place based on the individual’s specific needs. Within this program, the child must be educated in the least restrictive environment, and also meet grade level standards. FAPE is to be provided to children at no cost, and it allows parents to participate in IEP meetings, and gives them access to their child’s records.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This was a law that was passed by congress to protect the rights of those individuals who have disabilities. This law stated that in the United States of America, no individual should be excluded from the participation in educational opportunities, or be denied any benefits that students without disabilities receive. This law also states there shall be no discrimination based on individual’s disabilities. All of these are for those programs that receive any type of federal funding.Yell, M., (2 -
The Education Amendments of 1974:
This education amendment was part of the EHA amendments. This amendment was put into place to make it mandatory that all states that receive federal funding for special education establish strong goals that will in turn provide many strong educational opportunities. This amendment also addressed the issue of the least restrictive environment, and created procedural safeguards.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
FERPA
This is a federal law created to provide parents the rights to their child’s education, and educational records. The parents are rights to their child’s educational records until they reach the age of 18, and then the student becomes eligible, and takes over the FERPA rights.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
The Education of the Handicapped Act
The idea of EHA was to consolidate and expand on the previous federal grant programs and continue funding pilot projects at state and local levels. It provided money to states who were willing to increase opportunities in education for students with disabilities. It funded schools at at all levels also for higher education. This was done to be able to educate and train teachers to work with students with disabilities.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pears -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975:
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975: This act was signed on November 29, 1975 by President Gerald Ford. This act was put into place to include students with disabilities in education, avoid segregation from their peers who did not have any disabilities, and to place those with disabilities in programs that would benefit them individually on their own unique needs.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
Board of Education V. Rowley 1982:
Amy was a deaf kindergarten student who was deaf. Amy was denied a classroom interpreter, because it was stated she already received a FAPE and she was doing well academically. The court ruling ruled against her parents desire of having an interpreter.LaNear, John A., and Elise M. Frattura. "Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley." Education Law. Education Law, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2016. -
The Handicapped Children’s Protection Act of 1986:
This was an act passed in 1986 that allowed for parents to claim the fees from the attorney if they predominate in a due process hearing or court case.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
The Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1986:
This amendment helped to increase the age group for more opportunities in education. There were federal financial incentives provided to education individuals who are just born all the way through age 2. In order to educate these young individuals, one must use early intervention strategies. This amendment also required IFSPs for those children who are eligible for special education, along with their families.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
This act was passed in 1990 by President Bush, which was the largest signing ceremony that ever occurred in White House history. This was the first civil rights law that addressed the needs of those individuals with disabilities. It was put in place to avoid discrimination, in employment, public education, and accommodations. This allowed for all individuals with disabilities to have the same rights and opportunities as those around.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
This law was passed in 1990, and made changes regarding special education. It added some specific transition requirements that must be added to a students IEP, if they were 16 years of age or older. During this 1990 Act, it renamed the EAHCA the IDEA. It also added a few new disability categories under the IDEA including Autism and traumatic brain injury.
Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson. -
No Child Left Behind Act:
This act was to increase the overall achievements of students in American public schools. Required school systems educate students in a tough curriculum that will hold districts accountable for students to improve on their achievements. Required data, and mandated public schools to bring every student up to state standards in reading and math. Students must be in a system where schools are held accountable for their achievements. Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education: Fourth Edition. -
IDEA
This mandates that students with disabilities are to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It also requires that states provide a free appropriate public education to all students, which includes the procedural components as well as the substantive components. One of the main parts of the IDEA is the procedural safeguards which are regulations used to protect those with disabilities, and to involve parents in their children’s education, and decisions made toward their education. -
The Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004:
This act builds off of the NCLB and increases school districts accountability for all students on their academic achievements. It changed requirements of the IEP, discipline procedures, and identification of those students who have disabilities. Teachers must be certified in special education, and deemed highly qualified as per requirements of NCLB and encouraged the Response to Intervention approach to determine special education eligibility.Yell, M., (2016). The Law and Special Education:
