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Compulsory education laws require children to attend a public or state-accredited private school for a certain period of time. There are certain exceptions, most notably homeschooling, but virtually all states have mandates for when children must begin school and how old they must be before dropping out.
https://www.findlaw.com/education/education-options/compulsory-education-laws-background.html#:~:text=Compulsory%20education%20laws%20require%20children,must%20be%20before%20dropping%20out. -
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson -
Eventually, schools began to allow children with disabilities into their buildings. However, these children were still very much segregated. They were kept separate from their peers in the general education program and were confined to isolated classrooms.
http://www.kypeertutoring.org/Modules/LegalRights.aspx?page=25 -
The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of children and youth with disabilities and/or gifts and talents.
https://exceptionalchildren.org/about-us -
Cuyahoga County Ohio Council for the Retarded Children formed and successfully lobbied for the creation of a special education class for their children who had previously been excluded from public school.
https://www.sutori.com/item/1933-cuyahoga-county-ohio-council-for-the-retarded-children-formed-and-successf -
The Arc has advocated for the passage of state and federal legislation on behalf of people with disabilities and established a broad network of state and local chapters that range from small voluntary groups to large, professional organizations.
https://thearc.org/about-us/history/ -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
This law brought education into the forefront of the national assault on poverty and represented a landmark commitment to equal access to quality education ESEA is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability.
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
the first right-to-education suit in the country, to overturn that Pennsylvania law and secure a quality education for all children. The case quickly settled before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pa., resulting in a consent decree in which the state agreed to provide a free public education for children with mental retardation.
https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/ -
To compel the defendants to provide them with immediate and adequate education and educational facilities in the public schools or alternative placement at public expense. They also seek additional and ancillary relief to effectuate the primary relief. They can profit from an education either in regular classrooms with supportive services or in special classes adopted to their needs.
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/348/866/2010674/ -
The first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
https://www.parentcenterhub.org/section504/ -
This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students.
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/94/s6/summary -
The EAHCA mandates that public schools receiving financial support from the federal government give children with disabilities nondiscriminatory access to all education and food programs.
https://www.craftlegal.com/2016/11/08/handicapped-childrens-protection-act/ -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.
https://adata.org/learn-about-ada -
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. All students are expected to meet or exceed state standards in reading and math by 2014
https://www.britannica.com/topic/No-Child-Left-Behind-Act