-
This Supreme Court case ended “separate but equal” schooling, establishing that all students deserve equal educational opportunities. It set the foundation for future advocacy for students with disabilities. -
This court settlement guaranteed education for children with intellectual disabilities. It established the principle of Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). -
The court ruled that schools must provide education to all students with disabilities, regardless of cost. It reinforced equal access to education. -
This civil rights law prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federally funded programs. Section 504 continues to ensure that students with disabilities receive accommodations such as extra time on tests or accessible learning materials. -
President Gerald Ford signed this law requiring public schools to provide FAPE, individualized education programs (IEPs), and services in the least restrictive environment.This act became the foundation of special education in the U.S., ensuring every child has access to tailored supports in school. -
EAHCA was renamed IDEA, expanding services and requiring transition planning for life after high school. IDEA remains the most important special education law, guaranteeing students with disabilities the right to individualized support and inclusion. -
President Bill Clinton signed amendments strengthening accountability, parent involvement, and access to the general education curriculum. These changes made sure that students with disabilities are included in academic standards and that their progress is carefully monitored. -
NCLB required schools to test all students, including those with disabilities, to increase accountability for learning outcomes.
While questioned, NCLB raised expectations for students with disabilities and emphasized closing achievement gaps. -
This update to IDEA aligned it with NCLB, requiring research-based teaching methods and early intervention services.It strengthened practices like Response to Intervention (RTI), which helps identify and support struggling learners early on. -
ESSA replaced NCLB, giving states more control over education while keeping protections for students with disabilities. ESSA continues to promote equity by making sure students with disabilities are included in state assessments and have access to general education.