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Brown v Board of Education
Landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
PARC v Penn Board of Education
The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) sued the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for a state law that allowed public schools to deny education to certain children, namely those who had not “attained a mental age of 5 years”. -
Mills v Board of Education
The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education.[1] The case established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
Law that supports states and localities in protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving the results for Hector and other infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities and their families. -
EAHCA Amendments
EAHCA's amendments include an early intervention program to include infants and toddlers (birth to three program), authorized grants, clarified parental rights, and allowed interagency agreements to allow for transitioning students (Woods, 2006). The amendments aren't fully implemented until September of 1994, but the amount of children in this part of the EAHCA has grown significantly since (Woods, 2006). -
Americans with Disabilities Act
A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
IDEA Reauthorization
EAHCA was renamed Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and in 1997 it was reauthorized and included amendments to require students with disabilities take the same assessments on the district and state wide levels and changes to IEP requirements (Peterson, 2007). -
No Child Left Behind Act
ESEA reauthorization, focused mainly on key areas including science, mathematics, and language arts (Woods, 2006). This includes the requirement to have all students to be proficient in reading and math by 2014 (Peterson, 2007). States are required to submit annual yearly progress documentation and there are repercussions to those schools that are not showing annual yearly progress on a regular basis (Woods, 2006). -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA 2004)
Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. It also required states to demand that local school districts shift up to 15% of their special education funds toward general education if it were determined that a disproportionate number of students from minority groups were placed in special education for reasons other than disability. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
US law passed in December 2015 that governs the United States K–12 public education policy.[1] The law replaced its predecessor, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the periodic standardized tests given to students.[2][3] Like the No Child Left Behind Act, ESSA is a re-authorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education.
