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Gradual travel of hunter-gatherers beginning to populate the whole earth. Evidence suggests Ethiopia to Africa.
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Hunter-gatherers settled down into villages. Started farming and domesticating animals. "The beginning of Agriculture."
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2 cities in Indus River Valley-flourished cities with streets and walls surrounding the city.
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Sumerians were first to introduce Imperialism. Collapsed in 2220BCE.
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Built on Euphrates River. Leader was Hammurabi. “Code of Hammurabi” was Babylonians code of laws. In 1595 Taken over by Hittites
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First recorded Chinese dynasty. Dynasty was based on agriculture, science and art of metal.
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More of a commercial empire. Found trading posts in 800BCE
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Greeks found land and realized civilization had already taken place. This group was the Etruscans.
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Largest empire in Human History. Stretched from eastern African to India. During this time, Mediterranean region was most civilized area on earth.
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Became king at age 20. Hosted a very strong military and memorable military leader.
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Julius Caesar was a general in crossing the Rubicon River. Illegal action, however he followed through with it.
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Power in Rome was declining, and mostly related to repeated assaults and sacking of wealth from nomadic tribes.
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Rome was the target of hordes of German Invaders. Germans invaded and sacked the Imperial Capital. Roman Soldiers left Britain and later named Anglosaxons. Byzantine Empire was attempted to start up after the fall of the Roman Empire. Vikings settled in 800CE in the North Atlantic.
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Only fully developed written language of Pre-Americans. Remembered by art, architect and math. Did not create calendar, however developed it.
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Where William the Norman invaded England and destroyed the last of the Anglo-Saxon’s.
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Took form near Western coast of South America. Incas were very skilled in politics and management. They demanded labor and a military.
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Recent civilization. Aztecs built an empire in the Lake Texcoco swamp and named it Tenoctitlan.
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Lasted until 1353CE (13 years) When ships docked in Europe, the people on the ships were extremely ill or already dead.
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“Rebirth” People of the renaissance attempted to glorify the culture of Greece and Rome. De Medici Family started and kept a large family business.
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Frequently robbed by Turkish and Arab thieves. Wanted to continuously travel West for personal wealth and glory. Columbus was a greedy person. Stepped foot on North or South America on his fourth voyage. He actually found already civilized land by the Natives and claimed it as his own.
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Up until now, the world has been known as Pre-Columbian. During this New World, animals and plants were brought over from Europe.
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Queen Elizabeth sent out Sir Walter Raleigh to claim land and resources such as gold in the Americas. Later sent a group of men to search for gold, but was caught in a war between colonists and Native Americans.
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FIRST permanent English Colony, landed at Plymouth Massachusetts.
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Sailor Henry Hudson was hired to find the new passage. However, unsuccessfully found his destination, he sailed his ship up the now day “Hudson River”.
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First documented slaves in Virginia were from the kingdom of Ndongo in Angola. These Africans were captured during the Portuguese. First slaves were treated as indentured servants with “due dates” around 7-14 years of work, then freedom.
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First representative government took place in Jamestown, VA. This general assembly was originally planned to minimum the price of tobacco but it later became known as the House of Burgesses, requesting of settlers to input on the laws that they were being governed by.
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Leaving Europe to work in the tobacco plantations in VA. Controversy on how the Mayflower ended up in Massachusetts, but it created the Mayflower Compact – the first document of Democracy in the New World.
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Samoset had previously been on the land that the Pilgrims thought was a new civilization by them. He and Squanto communicated with the Pilgrims and taught them skills to survive.
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Arrived and purchased Manhattan which was formally New Amsterdam. Natives gave up land to Minuit for a small amount of money.
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Around 50,000 people – Mostly British
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Protected British from being taxed without consent of Parliament.
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“Seven Years War” was the war between Austria, England, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Sweden. War ended in 1763 with all the colonies were British.
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Effort to raise revenue on a popular product.
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Series of acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, relating to the ones in the British Colonies in North America. Named after Charles “Champagne Charlie” Townshend (chancellor of Exchequer).
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Reduce the massive surplus of tea held by the British and help the struggling company in London, survive. This act allowed the company to directly ship its tea to North America.
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Dumped tea overboard! One member was Samuel Adams who was a cousin of John Adams (first vice-president). Result of Boston Tea Party was the Intolerable Acts – five acts by Parliament that discouraged colonial resistance.
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British sent out troops to Lexington to capture leaders Sam Adams & John Hancock and then to Concord where they would take weapons and gun powder.
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George Washington was commander of the Colonial Army. Americans repelled first 2 attacks by British and retreated the third attack.
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Ben Franklin dispatched to Paris to obtain their alliance and military aid. John Adams got sent to Holland to help with a loan. BOTH men struggled to accomplish their goal while the war was still happening in America.
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France & Holland came through with support to America to overturn the British. One of Frenchman during this time Jean La Fayette. He put together the Declaration of Independence.
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British General Cornwallis was forced to surrender at Yorktown, VA where Americans and French had beaten British.
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Articles of Confederation passed by congress in 1781. Similar to constitution, but with less power to central government.
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Addition of 10 amendments to protect rights of people, came the signing of the US Constitution. Describes how the US would look, 3 branches, house of representatives, senate, checks & balances, etc.
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Thomas Jefferson was founding father and first US Secretary of State under President George Washington. 1796 Jefferson was elected vice-president & leader of Enlightenment in America.
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Journey to explore and acquire new territory for president Jefferson. Sacagawea eventually became aboard in 1805.
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James Madison (one of the five founding fathers) was president during this time. Cause of war of 1812 was economic sanctions by the British & French against US.
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During the war of 1812 when British wanted to invade Baltimore, inspired Key to create the Star-Spangled banner.
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Andrew Jackson’s army defeated British troops.
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Forcing Natives to relocate because the white American men wanted to claim their land. Also wanted the Indians gone, so president Andrew Jackson signed permission for Indian Removal Act of 1830 which gave right to government to exchange Native land.
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Dakota Indians would cede their Minnesota and Dakota land to US Government and would be paid by Government in “annuities”
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President Jefferson didn’t agree with slavery, but did not know how to end it due to it being so common. Cotton Gin (invented by Eli Whitney) allowed more cotton to be picked every day, but was a very labor type job. Thus, slaves could pick more cotton each day with this invention. Two-thirds of the worlds cotton supply came from the slaves in the Southern States.
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President Abraham Lincoln won presidency as first Republican President pledging to keep slavery out of the territories.
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Revolution of 1776 created Civil War, this war determine what kind of nation we would become.
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Shiloh in Tennessee, Bull Run in Fredericksburg Virginia, Antietam in Maryland, Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, Vicksburg on the Mississippi and Chickamauga in Atlanta Georgia.
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Killed five people living on farms and when Lowe Sioux found out, they decided it was time to go to war and reclaim their ancestral land back. After battle of Wood Lake, majority of Dakota left the state of Minnesota while others surrendered to U.S. Military. Remaining 38 Men were hung simultaneously in Mankato on Dec.26
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President Andrew Johnson acquired new southern state legislatures to pass “black codes” to control labor and behavior of slaves. However, within 10 years from the start of reconstruction, forces such as the Ku Klux Klan would reverse the changes Johnson put in place.
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Conflict arising at Wounded Knee was originally a battle but it turned out to be a tragic massacre. Heavily armed troops surrounded small group of Indians, and ended in a large massacre that could have been avoidable.
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Sir Walter Raleigh – discovery of Guiana and establishing colony of Roanoke Island in 1584
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Juan Ponce de Leon – first European to set foot in Florida. Searched for “fountain of youth” Hernando Cortes – Spanish conqueror of Mexico and Aztec Empire
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Jacques Cartier – led 3 expeditions to Canada Samuel de Champlain – Founder of Quebec City. “Father of Canada”
