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The Columbian Exchange was an interchage of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas. This was a social and economic transformation.
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The Repartimiento was a colonial forces labor system imposed upon the indigineous population of Spanish America and the Philippines. This is a social transformation.
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The African Slave Trade was the business of transporting and selling slaves. This was a social and economic transformation.
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The encomienda system was established by the Spanish to regulate and control American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas. This was a social and economic transformation.
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There was a spread of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and syphilis, because of things such as the Atlantic slave trade and the Columbian Exchange. This is a social transformation.
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The triangular trading system operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers.
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Mercantilism is an economic transformation and it is the economic counterpart of political absolutism. It is the belief that for a nation to prosper, it needs to have colonies that are able to supply their own raw materials.
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New social classes, such as peninsulars, creoles, mestizos, mulattos, zambos, etc., began to surface. This is a social transformation.