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Homer Plessy lived in Louisiana. Plessy tried to ride in a designated white car on a train. He was told to leave but Plessy stayed and was arrested. Because of the segregation laws of Louisiana he could be arrested for being on a train car that he legally could not be allowed in. The Supreme Court ruled that states could segregate as long as the services where 'seperate but equal'.
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The Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It overruled the "separate but equal" principle set from in 1896. Oliver Brown filed a suit in 1951, after his daughter, Linda Brown, was not allowed entrance to Topeka’s all-white elementary school. Thurgood Marshall, the head of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, served as chief attorney.
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This was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court, which denied the Arkansas School Board the right to delay desegregation.This came after the Little Rock school board and the state clashed on September 4, 1957. Arkansas National Guard, prevented a group of nine African American students ("The Little Rock Nine") from enrolling at Little Rock's Central High School. President Dwight Eisenhower sent in federal national guard troops to protect the nine students from mobs.
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Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in the education programs and activities of entities that receive federal financial assistance.Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 became law. Many people associate this law only with girl's and women's participation in sports, Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in all aspects of education.
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Addressed the issue of education for children with disabilities. At the time, children with disabilities were refused enrollment in public schools, were poorly served by public schools, or were sent to institutions.This case essentially brought about IDEA. It established the right to due process to ensure a free appropriate education for all students with disabilities.
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President Gerald Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which outlined what needed to be done to provide an education for special needs students. The act made it so any school receiving federal funds were to provide a free, appropriate public education for all children, regardless of emotional or physical disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate these children and form a plan to educate them. It also required an IEP students with a disability.
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The Supreme Court issued Plyler v. Doe, a landmark decision holding that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status. The Court found that any resources which might be saved from excluding undocumented children from public schools were far outweighed by the harms imposed on society at large from denying them an education.
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This set new government test standards that students had to reach or the school district would face federal assistance money. The program was suppose to help disadvantaged students reach the same goals as the other students. Some people believe teachers are now teaching to strictly meet those standards.
