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Sandhurst Manifiesto
This manifiesto was one of the maneouvres of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo to made possible the Bourbon Restoration. -
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Reing of Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII was proclaimed king after the pronunciamiento by General Martínez Campos in 1874.
The political system during the Restoration rested on two fundamental pillars: the Constitution of 1876 and the practice of rotation in power of the political parties. -
PSOE is founded
Was founded by Pablo Iglesias and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period. -
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Regency of Maria Cristina
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1855, the Restoration was mantained by the regency of Maria Cristina (1885-1902) while her son, Alfonso XIII was a child. -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nacionalism demanded official status for the Catalan language, the establishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy and these status were writen by Prat de la Riba and declared in 1892. -
Treaty of Paris
US destroyed the Spanish fleets so Spain was forced to sing this treaty, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philipines. -
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Reing of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a political enviroment characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo's political system, the influence of regerationism and the deaths of Cánovas (1897) and Sagasta (1903). When studying his reing, historians usually look at two stages, divided by the crisis of 1917. -
Tragic week of 1909
This week was named like this by the set off violent protest in Barcelona. The hars repression by Maura's conservative goverment caused the liberals to break their pact of rotation with him. -
Disaster at Annual
Abroad, Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco resulting in 10000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion. -
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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera went through two stages, which had two different goverments: The Military Directory (1923-1925) and The Civil Directory (1925-1930). -
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Second Spanish Republic
After the Second Republic was proclaimed, a provisional goverment was formed, made up of republicans, socialists and nationalists who held elections for the Constituent Cortes in June 1931 -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
The citizen's disapproval of the king's support for the dictatorship led to significant Republicans victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. Alfonso XIII went into exile and the Second Republic was declared. -
October Revolution
The new goverment halted the majority of the previous reforms, which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-ming parties. CEDA then demanded positions in the goverment. This sparked the October Revolution, which was most intense in Asturias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Spring
Consisted of a wave of attaks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist anarchist activists. -
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Spanish Civil War
The coup d'etat began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta on 17 July 1936. The next day it spread throughtout Spain, having success in rural areas, yet failing in the more industrialised urban areas. The country was divided into two zones, the Republicans zone and the 'Nacionalist' zone, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War. -
Bombing of Gernika
The war then moved to the Cantabrian coast and involved harsh battles, as reflected by the Bombing of Gernika by the German air force's Condor Legion. The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas. -
End of the Civil War
The war then moved to the Mediterranean , where the insurgents intended to divide the Republican zone in two. To prevent this from happening, the Republicans launched an offensive known as the 'Battle of the Ebro' in 1938 that led to many casualties on both sides. The insurgents advenced, took Catalonia in 1939 and entered Madrid with no resistance. The Civil War ended on 1 April 1939
