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After 84 years, the Nara period fell through and Emperor Kammu took full charge. He moved the capital from Nagaoka-Kyō to the new capital at Helen-kyō (kyōto)
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Ex-emperor Heizei (along with his his advisor Fujiwara Nakanari, his consort Kusuko, and her brother) plans to retake the throne by returning the capital from Kyōto back to Nara. The Idea was compromised after much bloodshed and Heizei is forced to become a monk. Others are forced to kill themselves
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As the power of the landed and wealthy families in the provinces continues to grow, and the central government continues to lose its power to govern outside of the capital, rebellions arise. Only one example, Taira Masakado established a 'kingdom' in the Kantō area and declared himself the new emperor. After five years of the rebellion, he was killed in Shimōsa province.
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Minamoto Yoriyoshi is appointed by the central government as both governor and commander-in-chief of Mutsu Province in the north. On his appointment he is told to subdue the Abe family who, under Abe Toritoki, were levying taxes and confiscating land at will. (This is the start of The Early Nine Years War.)
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Minamoto Yoritomo appointed Shogun. He led a new form of government which became known as Shogunate, this was the beginning of the official Shoguntae Era.
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The Mongol, Chinese, and Koryo armies all try to invade And conquer Tsushima and Ikishima islands, the succeeded in taking the I and then land on Kyūshū near Hakata but are met by Japanese forces assembled by the Shōgunate. A fortuitous storm (hence, kamikaze) destroys the fleet and those that can flee back to Korea.
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Takauji assumes the title of Shōgun. He shares administrative duties with his younger brother, Tadayoshi. Takauji held supreme military power and issued certificates of reward and appointed the shugo. Tadayoshi made the day-to-day civil, judicial, and economic decisions such as confirming land rights, making judicial rulings, issuing customs-barrier permits, and issuing regulatory codes for monasteries.
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Ōnin War
Starts as a Shōgunal succession dispute and a dispute between the Hosokawa and Yamana houses (both major Shugo houses). It ends the Ashikaga hegemony, Kyōto is virtually destroyed, and the country ends up completely decentralized. -
The emperor, under pressure from the Buddhists, issues an order expelling Christian missionaries from Kyōto. They flee to Kyūshū and Sakai. The court gives Ieyasu the right to use the name Tokugawa.
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In Sakoku Edict of 1635, Japanese were restricted from traveling abroad, Europeans were not allowed entry into the country, penalties for practicing Catholicism were instituted and foreign trade was restricted. And even in 1638 shipbuilding was forbidden.
