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Development of literature, music, and art focusing on emotion, nature, and individuality.
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Ludwig van Beethoven debuts his Ninth Symphony, introducing the famous “Ode to Joy” and embodying
Romantic ideals of deep emotion and human triumph. -
Rise of works inspired by national identity and history, with authors and composers reflecting the spirit of their
countries. -
French writer Victor Hugo releases a major collection of Romantic poetry, reflecting themes of love, loss,
and political exile. -
Romanticism impacts realism and impressionism in painting and music, blending with emerging artistic movements.
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Painters like Monet and Renoir, influenced by Romanticism’s focus on nature and emotion, introduce a
revolutionary new artistic movement. -
Final great Romantic works in music and literature, while new movements like symbolism and musical impressionism
emerge. -
Russian composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky debuts one of the last great Romantic ballets, blending dramatic
orchestration with expressive storytelling. -
Jazz music emerged in New Orleans, blending African-American musical traditions with blues and ragtime. Artists like
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington brought jazz to national and international audiences. -
The ballet The Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky premiered in Paris and shocked audiences with its
dissonant music and unconventional choreography. The performance caused a riot and marked a turning point in
modern classical music. -
During this period, jazz evolved into more complex styles like bebop, led by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. Cool jazz,
a more relaxed style, was also popularized by musicians such as Miles Davis. -
This song became Elvis Presley’s first number-one hit and is often considered the beginning of mainstream
rock and roll. It transformed the music industry and launched Elvis into superstardom. -
This era saw an explosion of rock music, with bands like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Jimi Hendrix. Psychedelic
rock also flourished, reflecting the social changes and experimentation of the time. -
The Woodstock Festival was held in New York and became one of the most iconic music events in history.
It symbolized peace, love, and the power of music during the counterculture era of the 1960s. -
Hip-hop emerged from the streets of New York in the late 1970s and became a dominant genre by the 1980s and 90s,
with artists like Run-D.M.C. and Tupac. At the same time, electronic music grew in popularity in dance clubs, especially
in Europe. -
Michael Jackson’s Thriller album was released and became a global phenomenon. It revolutionized pop
music, music videos, and set a record for the best-selling album of all time.