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German Leider who wrote poetry, dramas, an autobiography, books about literature, 4 novels, and scientific books on anatomy, botany, and color. One of the poets who helped shape romanticism.
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One of the most well known composers, Beethoven was one of the last composers taught in the "old ways" of Haydn and Mozart. He pushed the boundaries of what was art music was at the time and lead into the Romantic Period. Composed 9 symphonies, 1 opera, many piano pieces, Leid, and chamber pieces.
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During the French Revolution and onwards, the common people saw themselves as empowered to break free from oppression, revolting against the nobility. This was reflected in the music of the time.
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A Jewish-German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris.
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Continued Mozart’s operatic style: THE most famous composer in Europe between 1815 and 1835.
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Composed over 600 Lieder,17 operas and Singpiele, 9 symphonies, 35 chamber works, 200 choral pieces, and more.
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Poet who helped shape romanticism.
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Berlioz was a French composer and conductor. He was an innovator of orchestration techniques that created the modern orchestral sound .
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Despite the hesitation of her brother and faster, Fanny Mendelssohn composed more than 100 works for solo piano, more than 200 Lieder, 24 works for chorus, several works for orchestra including an overture, and works for various chamber ensembles.
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Composer and conductor, Felix Mendelssohn was accredited with reviving the music of J.S. Bach into the romantic period. Good friends with the Schumanns.
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Beethoven's Fidelo, being an example, Rescue Operas depicts a woman saving a man. This genre was important to the people as it praised the heroism of the character and increased moral.
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One movement piano pieces: ballades, etudes, nocturnes, and mazurkas.
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One movement orchestral works that often had programmatic associations .
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Non-vocal music that is associated with something outside of the music itself, such as a story, a poem, or some other suggestion by the composer.
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Music composed without pictorial or literary inspiration.
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A single-movement concert piece for orchestra not associated with a staged piece; based on an extra-musical idea
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An overture and a series of pieces to be performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes.
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A multi-movement work for orchestra that is associated with an extra-musical idea .
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A reaction against Germany by countries who wanted to proclaim their own nationalistic worth and patriotism in the face of Germany’s arrogant stance. In music, this manifests in the importance of heroic themes, the use of folklore, and the celebration of national heroes, events, or places.
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Russian composers, like Les Six, that composed together. Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Modest Mussorsky.
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A set of Lieder that are connected in some way.
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unaccompanied choral secular songs in 3 or 4 parts
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An unstaged Opera, often with religious themes.
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The setting of the Ordinary of the catholic mass.
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The musical setting of a catholic mass held for a memorial or funeral.
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French, serious historical dramas with spectacular effects .
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Operas with spoken dialogue
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Stylistically between grand opera and opéra comique .
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Slapstick comic opera
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German opera often with serious or realistic themes.
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A serious French opera
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An Italian comedic opera
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The goals of poets and musicians during the romantic period focused on trying to create moments during which ‘inexpressible longing’ could be felt. Heroism became an important topic and symetric form lessened in importance. Musical manifestations of this style are: More minor keys, larger orchestras and choirs, longer pieces, more percussion and brass, phrasing less symmetrical and more expansive , and ascending sixths favored in melodies
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Poet of the piano, Chopin struggled with Tuberculosis most of his life. He found great success within Salon culture and was credited with originating the modern piano style.
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German composer, writer, and pianist who composed 4 symphonies, 300+ Lieder, a piano concerto, many chamber and piano pieces, and one opera. Married to Clara Schumann.
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An article was published about Beethoven’s instrumental music written by E. T. A. Hoffmann proclaiming Beethoven a genius.
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A German composer, Wagner’s musical innovations in harmony and orchestration revolutionized instrumental music and opera. He is best known for his musical dramas.
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Primarily an opera composer, Verdi was the most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century.
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The meeting in which Europe was reorganized.
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Composed by Schuman and written by Goethe, Erlkonig was based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die.
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A child prodigy, Clara has already written the majority of her piano concerto when she was 13. She composed one piano concerto,
some chamber music, songs, and many pieces for solo piano, as well as cadenzas for piano concertos by Mozart and Beethoven. -
Best known for his Operettes such as La belle Helene, Orphee aux enfers
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Bohemian composer best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Má vlast (My Country).
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American song composer best known for Beautiful Dreamer.
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American nationalist, Gottschalk was a child prodigy on the piano but died young due to yellow fever.
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A program symphony composed by Berlioz consists of 5 movements portraying his beloved (idee fixe) haunting as he spirals into an opium-induced fever dream.
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German composer, Brahms continued the classical traditions, especially with form, but would stretch phrases like nobody before. He favored absolute music and wasn't a supporter of Wagner or Liszt.
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French composer who blended styles into opera comique with Carmen.
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Trained musically in the West: his Russian nationalist colleagues did not enthusiastically support him or his music. He composed 8 operas, 7 symphonies, 3 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, symphonic poems, overtures, chamber, keyboard, choral music, and songs.
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Czech nationalist composer
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Czechoslovakian nationalist composer, Dvorak sought to create a uniquely "American" sound as he took an interest in United States folk music. With his Symphony From the New World, he claimed to have been inspired by Black American culture and the music of the Native Americans, yet it sounds oddly Czech.
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Norwegian nationalist composer.
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Wagner's take on opera influenced from French Grand Opera.
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Musical invention by Wagner, A short motif assigned to a person, place, or thing and then used throughout a drama as a unifying device .
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Italian composer, best known for his 12 operas.
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Bohemian conductor and composer, his works weren't truly appreciated until after World War II. He was known for his Maximalism.
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Finish nationalist composer