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German writer and statesman whose writings were very influential on Romantic composers. Wrote many poems that were set to music as lieds
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Italian composer who wrote the opera Lodoïska
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One of the leaders of the French Revolution
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Famous composer and pianist who was the transitional figure between Classical and Romantic
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Chancellor of Austria who hosted the Congress of Vienna and changed shape of social activities
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Wrote an article about Beethoven that showed first traits of Romantic Era
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Italian poet and novelist that Verdi's Requiem was performed for
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Composed the first German romantic opera
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Was the trigger for the global decline of theocracies and absolute monarchies
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Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera
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Most important opera composer in early 19th century and most famous composer in Europe during same time
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French composer who composed all genres of music, especially lieder
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Italian opera composer
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Italian opera composer
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Early innovator of new orchestration and genres; French
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Type of opera that showcased good triumphing over evil, all about heroism
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Sister of Felix and fellow composer, suspected many of her works were credited as Felix's
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Composed most genres and revived J.S. Bach's music in Leipzig
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Solo piano piece that was short and 1 movement long
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1 movement orchestral work that was usually programmatic
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Poetry settings and emotional expression that were cheap to perform and share, usually song
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Early romantic composer who was more important as an editor/promoter
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Virtuoso pianist and composer, all works written for piano
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More varied tempo, Rubato, optional symmetry
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Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, innovator, and Wagner supporter
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German opera composer who changed opera, harmony, and music in general
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Most important Italian composer in mid-late 19th century, opera composer and hailed as a hero of Italy
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Tasked w/ reorganizing Europe and other various issues
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Chromaticism (melodic and harmonic), more minor keys, larger orchestras, longer pieces, more brass/percussion, non-chord tones, poetic in style. Composers > performers
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Two kinds of music, one domestic and the other is deeper. Bildung meant music was intellectual formation and growth
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Concert Overtures, Program Symphonies, Symphonic Poems
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Keyed brass instrument w/ similar range to trombone, did not last in popularity
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Painting by Caspar David Friedrich that captures romantic aesthetic and idea of longing
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Placed severe limits on freedom of expression via individuals
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First German romantic opera written/performed
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Virtuoso pianist, composer, and wife of Robert Schumann
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French opera composer known for opérettes
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Music had a program and was associated w/ something outside of the music, usually a story or poem. Mixed feelings on it
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Bohemian w/ programmatic cycle of symphonic poems. He is the founder of Czech music and was inspired by Liszt and Wagner
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American nationalist and composer, born in New Orleans. Studied in Paris
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Composed by Berlioz, monumentally influential piece; most of our modern orchestrating comes from it
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Youngest composer of Circle of Friends; German romantic composer who continued the classical traditions
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Blended styles into opéra comique w/ Carmen
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Musically trained in the west; composing 8 operas, 7 symphonies, 3 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, symphonic poems, overtures, chamber, keyboard, choral music, and songs
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Czech composer
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Norwegian
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English composer
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Spanish composer
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Polish pianist and composer who would become the prime minister and foreign minister in 1919
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Known first as a conductor and a composer secondly. Bohemian who bridged Austro-German romantic traditions with those of the 20th century
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English composer
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Finnish composer
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Group of Russian composers (only one a trained musician) who worked in collaboration. Consisted of Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Modest Musorgsky
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Spanish composer
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Spanish composer