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Washington's Defeat at Ft. Duquense/Ft. Necessity
French and British fought over the Ohio River Valley -
Period: to
French and Indian War (Seven Years War)
-Between France & Great Britain
-Why? Resources & land if North America, British moved into The Ohio River Valley; French & Native Americans allies attacked -
Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. The plan was adopted on July 10, 1754, by representatives from seven of the British North American colonies. Although it Was never carried out, it was the first important plan to conceive of the colonies as a collective whole united under one government. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. -
Proclamation of 1763
-The Proclamation of 1763 forbade the settlement of American colonists beyond the Appalachian mountains pending further adjustments.
-It was designed to fairly work out Native disputes.
-The Proclamation angered colonists, as they had fought for this territory and believed they had a right to it.
-Many colonists settled on this territory anyway. -
Sugar Act
-First law ever passed by Parliament raising tax revenue in the colonies
-Increased tax on sugar imported from West Indies to North American colonies
-Colonists- very unhappy. After bitter protest these taxes were substantially lowered and agitation died down. -
Stamp Act
-Required that stamps be affixed to paper as proof of payment
-About fifty items needed stamps, including commercial and legal documents
-Examples: marriage licenses, bills of lading, newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas and playing cards
-Caused uproar in colonies- led to nonimportation agreements, Stamp Act Congress
-Repealed after much protest in 1766 -
Quartering Act
-Act passed by George Grenville in 1765 requiring certain colonies to provide food and lodging to British soldiers stationed there
-Kept colonial resentment alive after Sugar Tax reduction -
Sons Of Liberty
-Formed By Samuel Adams
-Protested Stamp Acts - future acts
-Burned Effigies
-Boston Tea Party -
Daughters of Liberty
-Formed Shortly After The Townshend Acts
-Protested Multiple Acts Afterwards -
Stamp Act Congress
-Congress in New York City with twenty seven delegates representing nine colonies.
-had dignified debate, then drew up statement of rights and grievances urging Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act
-Ignored in Britain, had little effect in colonies, but step toward colonial unity -
Declaratory Act
-This act bound the colonies to Parliament "in all cases whatsoever," affirming Parliament's complete authority over them.
-Colonists wanted some self-government, Parliament would not grant- angered. -
Townshend Act
Townshend Acts information and text-Acts passed by Prime Minister Charles Townshend
-The most important of these acts was a light tax on goods such as tea, paint, glass, white lead and paper payable in American ports
-Part of tax paid for royal governors' salaries- colonists cherished right to control governors by suspending their salary
-Colonists somewhat angered, revived nonimportation agreements, but not as angered as they were by Stamp Act
-Smuggled tea for cheaper, smuggling increased -
Boston Massacre
Sixty colonists taunted ten redcoats, clubbing them and throwing rocks and snowballs, provoking them to open fire. Eleven "innocent" colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks, the leader of the mob and a runaway "mulatto" slave. Though both sides were partially to blame, this incident was used in revolutionary propaganda (pictured) and fueled the colonists' anger. -
Committee of Correspondence
-organized 1773 by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts to keep colonists informed of British anticolonial actions and to plan colonial resistance or countermeasures. -
Tea Act
British legislation giving a tea monopoly in the American colonies to the British East India Co. It adjusted the duty regulations to allow the failing company to sell its large tea surplus below the prices charged by colonial competitors. The act was opposed by colonists as another example of taxation without representation. Resistance to the act resulted in the Boston Tea Party. -
Boston Tea Party
-Bostonians (Sons Of Liberty) disguised as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
-Earlier that year- nearly bankrupt British East India Company-17 million chests of unsold tea. British government lose tax revenue if bankrupt- gave British India Company monopoly of American tea trade. Tea cheap, even with tax.
-Americans realized Britain's attempt to make them accept tax- protests, including Boston Tea Party. -
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
Parliament passed acts to punish Massuchsetts, specifically Boston, for The Boston Tea Party.
-Boston Port Act- closed Boston harbor to trade until damages paid, order assured
-Administration of Justice Act- British officials who committed misdemeanors tried in England
Massachusetts Government Act- many charter rights revoked, restritions on town meetings
Colonists were angered even further by this -
Quebec Act
Parliament passed act regarding French Canadians in territory from French and Indian War.
-Allowed to retain customs- practice Catholicism, no trial by jury or representative assembly
-Borders of Quebec province extended to Ohio River
American colonists considered this an "Intolerable Act." Didn't like Catholics, wanted Ohio River valley that they had fought for, feared rights being taken. -
First Continental Congress
Convention held in Philadelphia to discuss colonial grievances, what to do about them. 12 colonies were represented by 55 delegates. Drew up Declaration of Rights, wrote appeals to other British American colonies, King George III and the people of Britain. Petitions rejected. Also established The Association, banning all trade with Britain- import and export. Did not yet want independence. -
Battle of Lexington
"Lexington Massacre" took place right before Battle of Concord. Both were attempts by the British to seize colonial gunpowder and capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock- leaders of rebellion. Colonial militia did not disperse quick enough- British opened fire. Eight colonists killed, several wounded. -
Battle of Concord
Took place right after Battle of Lexington. British attempt to seize colonial gunpowder, capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock- leaders of rebellion. Colonists prepared after Lexington, hid behind walls and shot British, pushed back to Boston. Seventy British soldiers were killed, with 300 total British casualties. -
Second Continental Congress
All 13 colonies were represented at yet another convention to address American grievances. Made more appeals of grievances to the king. They sent an "Olive Branch" petition as well, affirming their loyalty and pledging for an and to hostilities. Although they did not yet seek independence, the congress decided to raise money for an army, appointing Washington as its commander in chief in a contradictory move. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Took place at Breed's Hill overlooking Boston with British staging a frontal attack. The colonists slaughtered the British until they ran out of gunpowder, when they were forced to retreat. Though they lost the battle, the colonists struck a blow to the British, which boosted morale. -
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
On July 4th 1776 The Declaration of independence was signed.
The Declaration Was Signed by 56 People Some of those people were John Hancock (president of the Continental Congress), Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry, Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery, Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott, William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris, Richard Stockton, and John Witherspoon
