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The French sign an alliance, or treaty of cooperation with the Americans.
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The French were sending weapons to the patriots secretly.
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The British retreat from Boston and moving the war to the middle states, as part of a plan. They wanted to stop the rebellion by isolating New England. They also seized New York.
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The battle of New York ends with an American retreat, but there were heavy losses.
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A continental Army volunteer, Michael Graham described the chaotic withdrawal.
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The British pushed Washington's army passed the Delaware River, into PA. Most of Washington's men had either been killed, deserted, or captured.
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Washington this day was willing to risk it all. He led approximately 2,400 men on small boats across the Delaware River. They took advantage that most of the Hessians had drunk too much and attacked.
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Washington had less than 8,000 men to fight with him. The terms of their enlistments were due to end on this day.
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General Howe had a plan to seize the American capital in Philadelphia. General Howe's troops sailed from New York to Chesapeake Bay.
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American troops surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga. Burgoyne surrendered his army to General Gates.
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Albigense Waldo was a surgeon at valley forge. This was served as the site of the Continental Army's camp.
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Friedrich Von Steuben, volunteered his services to General Washington and worked t"to make regular soldiers out of country bumpkins"
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They began to shift their operations to the south. There they gained more support from loyalists. This was a plan so they can slowly regain back their colonies. They will slowly work there way back to the north.
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A British expedition took Savannah, Georgia.
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Henry Clinton replaced Howe in New York, along with general Charles Cornwallis sailed south with 8,500 men.
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The British captured Charles Town, South Carolina and marched 5,500 american soldiers off as prisoners.
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Cornwallis' army smashed American forces at Camden, SC. within 3 months British had established forts across the states.
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Most of 1780 Cornwallis was successful. They were joined with thousands of African Americans who escaped from the patriots. They thought if they joined the British after they win they would be granted their freedom.
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a French army landed in Newport, Rhode Island after British left to focus on the south.
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Washington orders Nathaniel Greene to the south to harass Cornwallis as he retreated. his group was divided into two. one part was sent with Daniel Morgan to SC. In return Cornwallis sent Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton and his troops to Morgan's soldiers.
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Both forces meet at Cowpens, SC.The British expecting the outnumbered Americans to flee, they surprisingly fought back.They forced the redcoats to surrender. Cornwallis was very aggravated he attacked Greene 2 months later at Guilford Court House, NC. Cornwallis won that battle. But it cost him most of his troop. 93 were killed, over 400 were wounded, and 26 were missing.
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Greene worried about the fight for the South, so he wrote a letter to Lafayette asking for help.
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The congress appointed Robert Morris as superintendent of finance.
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The troops were finally paid in specie, or gold coin.
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Cornwallis raises the white flag of surrender.
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Colonel William Fontaine of the Virginia militia stood with the American and French armies lining a road near Yorktown.
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The British surrender. Cornwallis handed over his sword.
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Delegates sign the treaty of Paris, which confirmed independence to the US, and set boundaries of the new nation.
