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He was Scottish and Canadian.
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Sandford Fleming was a Canadian-Scottish engineer, railway surveyor, and an inventor who invented standard time.
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He was born on January 7, 1827, in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland to Andrew Greig Fleming and Elizabeth Arnot.
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He was educated in Kennoway and Kirkcaldy by the Scottish engineer and surveyor, John Sang, at the age of 14.
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He immigrated to Canada in 1845, along with his brother John Arnot Fleming.
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He was employed by a surveyor, Richard Birdsall and contracted to become a certified surveyor in Canada, from John Stoughton Dennis's assistance (in Weston which now is Toronto). Fleming worked as an assistant engineer with the guy, Cumberland. Their project was building an Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Union Rail-road from Toronto to Georgian Bay.
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- had a large quantity of productivity for inventing new inventions
- prepared maps of Peterborough, Cobourg, Hamilton, and Toronto to finish his certificate in engineering
- wanted things to process faster (ex: mailing something at the post office)
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He finished his certificate for engineering by drawing out the maps of Toronto, Peterborough, Hamilton, and Cobourg in 1849. He found out the Royal Canadian Institute in Toronto that was a society of architects, surveyors, and engineers, in 1849. Then he was appointed to engineer-in-chief for Ontario Northern Railway, in 1857. After proposing the route linking Upper and Lower Canada, he became a chief engineer.
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The stamp of Canada made the process for mailing mail at the post office easier since before the stamp was invented, the cost of postage needed to be calculated for a letter and took a long time.
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- standard time
- the three-penny beaver he designed in 1851
- built a plan for the Pacific Railway in 1862
- promoted a trans-Canada telegraph with a water cable that would link Canada and Pacific in 1879
- established a Presbyterian institution with engineering programmes and science
- he was a chancellor of Queen's College in Kingston, ON in 1879
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They appointed him to conduct a survey for routing Quebec City to Halifax and creating a railway that would lead through the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
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- Fleming created the plan for the worldwide time in the late 1870s
- 27 countries (Canada and USA) met in Washington, D.C., and agreed to create this system in 1884
- created the system to end the confusion for having different solar times in each community
- railway transportation was why the system was created due to schedules using different times in separate communities
- divided into 24 time zones
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The first person who proposed time zones was a mathematician named Quirico Filopanti. However, his idea didn't influence others in the 19th century. Sandford Fleming was when he invented the worldwide time zones in 1879 and the 24-hour clock.
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The system of standard time made the timetables for railway and trains precise. (ex: train to England is at 6:00 pm sharp on Wednesday at Standard Eastern Time)
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He died on July 22, 1915, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada due to pneumonia.
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He is the greatest Canadian because, without his contributions, such as standard time, we wouldn't have different time zones and be unable to calculate time in different places. (Ex: Canada and India have a difference of 9 hours and 30 minutes.)