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Period: 800 to 1000
Canto Gregoriano
The term Gregorian chant was a type of plainchant, simple, monodic and with music subject to the text used in the liturgy of the Catholic Church, although it is sometimes used in a broad sense or even as a synonym for plainchant. -
992
Guido d’Arezzo
Guido of Arezzo, was an Italian Benedictine monk and musical theorist who constitutes one of the central figures of the music of the Middle Ages along with Hucbaldo. -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen was a holy Benedictine abbess and German polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, physician, mystic, monastic leader and prophetess during the Middle Ages. -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. -
1150
Leonin
Léonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, related to the School of Notre Dame. -
1155
Perotín
Perotín, fue un compositor medieval francés. Considerado el compositor más importante de la Escuela de Notre Dame de París, en la cual comenzó a gestarse el estilo polifónico. -
Period: 1170 to 1310
Ars Antiqua
Ars antiqua, refers to the music of Europe of the late Middle Ages approximately between 1170 and 1310, covering the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. -
Nov 23, 1221
Alfonso X el Sabio
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a medieval French clergyman, poet and composer. His projection was enormous and he is historically the greatest representative of the movement known as Ars nova, being considered the most famous composer of the 14th century. -
Period: 1300 to 1500
Renassance
The Renaissance is a period in history and a cultural movement marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, covering the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by an effort to revive and surpass the ideas and achievements of classical antiquity; it occurred after the crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and science. -
Period: 1310 to 1380
Ars nova
Ars nova is an expression due to the theorist Philippe de Vitry that designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school. -
Sep 2, 1397
Francesco Landini.
Francesco Landini or Landino was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and without a doubt the most famous composer in Italy. -
1400
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg, was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type, around 1450. -
Jun 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
Juan del Encina (July 12, 1468 – 1529/1530)[1] was a composer, poet, priest, and playwright, often credited as the joint-father (even "founder" or "patriarch") of Spanish drama, alongside Gil Vicente. His birth name was Juan de Fermoselle. He spelled his name Enzina, but this is not a significant difference; it is two spellings of the same sound, in a time when "correct spelling" as we know it barely existed. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martín Lutero
artin Luther OSA (/ˈluːθər/;[1] German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈlʊtɐ] ⓘ; 10 November 1483[2] – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.[3] He was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. -
Mar 30, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (Castrillo Mota de Judíos, Burgos, 1510-Madrid, March 26, 1566) was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. -
Feb 3, 1525
Giovanni Perluigi da Palestina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. -
Aug 30, 1532
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1532/1533 – August 30, 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c. 1544 – c. 1590) was an Italian composer, lutenist and singer of the late Renaissance. She is the first female composer to have had a whole book of her music printed and published in the history of western music.[1][2] -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He stands with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus as among the principal composers of the late Renaissance, and was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week". His surviving oeuvre, unlike that of his colleagues, is almost exclusively sacred and polyphonic vocal music, set to Latin texts. -
Sep 4, 1553
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 September and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
Mar 30, 1566
Carlo Gesualdo
artin Luther OSA (/ˈluːθər/;[1] German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈlʊtɐ] ⓘ; 10 November 1483[2] – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.[3] He was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. -
Jan 25, 1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi, whose full name was Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, was an Italian composer, viola player, singer, choir director and priest. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. He was born in Marino, near Rome. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. -
Antonio Stradivari
Antonio Stradivari was the most prominent Italian luthier. The Latin form of his surname, Stradivarius, is used to refer to his instruments. -
Henry Purcel
Henry Purcell was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the best English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of baroque music. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, printer, professor and Catholic priest. Vivaldi composed more than 700 works for different instruments, including more than 400 violin concertos and 46 operas. -
George Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics of early classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music -
Georg Friedrich Händel
George Frideric Handel was a German composer, later naturalized English, considered one of the leading figures in the history of music, especially the baroque, and one of the most influential composers of Western and universal music. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, musician, conductor, chapelmaster, singer and teacher of the Baroque period. He was the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family.