Realism and Naturalism

  • U.S. acquires Alaska from Russia

  • President Johnson is impeached

  • Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, defining citizenship

  • Period: to

    Ulysses S Grant serves as President

  • Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads are joined at Promontory, Utah, creating the first transcontinental railroad

  • Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, giving blacks the right to vote

  • US Federation of Labor is organized

  • The Statue of Liberty is dedicated

  • National American Woman Suffrage Association is founded

  • Last major battle of the Indian Wars occurs at Wounded Knee in South Dakota

  • Grover Cleveland is inaugurated a second time, as the 24th president. He is the only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson: decision holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive Jim Crow laws in the South

  • Spanish-American War: USS Maine is blown up in Havana harbor

  • US annexes Hawaii

  • US declares war on Spain

  • Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish-American War. Spain gives up control of Cuba, and cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S.

  • Galveston hurricane leaves an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 dead

  • U.S. acquires Panama Canal Zone

  • San Francisco earthquake leaves 500 dead or missing and destroys about 4 sq mi of the city

  • Bureau of Investigation is established