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It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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In 1878 the first federal women's suffrage amendment was introduced but was soundly defeated later in the first full Senate vote in January 25, 1887.
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The ruling in this Supreme Court case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races."
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In 1908, a deadly race riot rocked the city of Springfield, eruptions of anti-black violence – particularly lynching – were horrifically commonplace, but the Springfield riot was the final tipping point that led to the creation of the NAACP.
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The 19th amendment was ratified to legally guarantee American women the right to vote.
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U.S. Supreme Court case that held that restrictive covenants in real property deeds which prohibited the sale of property to non-Caucasians unconstitutionally violate the equal protection provision of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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The Court declared that racial segregation in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, after she refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a white passenger. The NAACP realized that Parks was the right person to work on its battle against the system of segregation in Montgomery.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
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In 1964, Congress passed Public Law 88-352 (78 Stat. 241). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing.
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National Organization for Women (NOW), American activist organization that promotes equal rights for women
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County School Board of New Kent County, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on May 27, 1968, ruled (9–0) that a “freedom-of-choice” provision in a Virginia school board's desegregation plan was unacceptable because there were available alternatives that promised a quicker and more-effective conversion to a school.
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Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld busing programs that aimed to speed up the racial integration of public schools in the United States.
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Proposition 209 is a California ballot proposition which, upon approval in November 1996, amended the state constitution to prohibit state governmental institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting, and public education.