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Aristotle
He was Plato's student. Aristotle believed knowledge was not preexisting. He thought it began from events kept in our memories.
-there is nothing in the mind that does not come in from our senses
-Greek philosopher -
Oct 14, 1575
Francis Bacon
He ended becoming one of the founders of modern science. In addition, his influence remains in the experiments of today's psychological sience. He loved the human mind and its failings. Wrote that "the human understanding, from its peculiar nature, easily supposses a greater degree of order and equality in things than it really find" (Novum Organuum). Bacon made research findings on our noticing and remembering events that confirm our beliefs. -
Rene Descartes
Frenchman who also thought that the mind is a whole different concept from our body and can live past its death.
-scientist and philosopher
-disected animals and concluded that the liquid in the brain's cavities had "animal spirits". Descartes said these spirits flowed from the brain throught the nerves to the muscles which then made movement
-agreed that ideas are innate -
John Locke
-wrote a paper about the limitations of human limitations
-"Essay Concerning Human Understanding" -he thought the mind had no inborn ideas -
Dorothea Dix
-thought that madness was not a crime
-also thought that housing the insane within prisons was an outrage
-typically thought that the inasne were guilty of nothing -
Charles Darwin
Darwin went on an expedition to the Galapagos Island. He collected beetles, mollusks, and shells. After his sail, he thought about the kind of species he had found.
-On the Origin of Species
-Credited for Natural Selection; nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a certain environment.
-thought his theory explained animal structures and their behaviors -
William James
-envolved functions of our thoughts and feelings
-was a functionalists
-encouraged explorations of down to earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment to moment streams
-legendary teacher and writer -
G. Stanley Hall
-founded the American Psycological Association
-became the first president of the association
-discovered psycology as a science and a profession -
Margaret Floy Washburn
-first women to recieve a Ph. D in psychology
-wrote a influencial book called "The Animal Mind"
-her thesis was the first foreign study Wundt published in his journal -
Wilhelm Wundt
-established the fiirst psychology labrotory
-did the first psycology experiment
-created an experimental apparatus
-ideas included structuralism, functionalism, and behavioralism -
Mary Wilton Calkins
-was accepted into William James' graduate seminar
-finished all requirements for a Harvard Ph.D but Harvard denied her degree
-became a distinguished memory researcher
-American Psychological Association (APA's) first female president in 1905. -
E.B. Titchener
-received Ph. D.
-Wundt's student
-goal was to discover the structural elements of mind
-method = to engage people in self-reflective introspection (looking inward)
-introduced structuralism
-view that inside information is what people knnow most about -
Rosalie Rayner
-contributed to behavioral psychology
-helped co-write a childrens book(on childhood behavior)
-wriote that a childs personality was largely determinded by experiences in the first few years of life. -
Socrates
-philosopher-teacher
-concluded that the mind is seperable from the body and continues after the body dies
-knowledge is born within ourselves
-greek philosopher -
Plato
-believed in innate ideas
-says that the brain is the seat of mental processes
-his ideas formed the basic ways of thinking
-felt that what we see are like shadows
