-
Black Muslims and Malcolm X
Elijah Muhammad, the Black Muslim leader, preached black nationalism, separatism, and self-improvement. He adopted the name Malcolm X and resorted to violent protests instead of peaceful protests. -
Kennedy
Kennedy promised to lead the nation into a new frontier by calling aid to education, federal support of health care, urban ewnewal, and civil rights -
New Frontier Programs
Program was proven difficult. Kennedy had to face economic problems but was able to stimulate the economy by increased spending for defense and space exploration. -
Women's Movement
Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, encouraged the middle-class women to seek fulfillment in professional careers in addition to filling the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker. -
Foreign Affairs
Kennedy set up the Peace Corps, which was an organiszation that recruited young American volunteers to give aid to developing countries. In addition, Kennedy created the Alliance for Progress, which promoted land reform and economic development in Latin America. Kennedy was also able to reduce tariffs in European nations by enacting the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Kennedy used Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's regime in Cuba. The Cubans failed to start up an uprising and were forced to surrender after Kennedy refused to use U.S. troops to save them. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviet Union was secretly constructing missiles in Cuba that had the potentical to reach the United States. Kennedy passed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to end the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. -
Berlin Wall
Kennedy wanted to meet Soviet premier Khrushchev in Vienna but he denied. He decided to threaten Kennedy to remove U.S. troops out of Berlin. Kennedy refused and,as a result, the Soviet Union built a wall around West Berlin. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil rights activists who traveled through the South experienced beatings, bombings, and murder by white Extremists. The leader of the civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., remained committed to nonviolent protests against segergation. -
Assassination in Dallas
President Kennedy was assassinated and concluded that Harvey Oswald was the assassin. Lyndon Johnson became president. -
War on Poverty
Johnson decided to declare "war" on poverty by creating the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). OEO sponsored self-help programs for the poor, such as Head Start for preschoolers, the Job Corps for vocational education, literacy programs, and legal services. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
John persuaded Congress to pass the 1964 Civils Act, which made segergation illegal in all public facilities, such as hotels and restaurants, and gave the federal government additional powers to enforce school desegergation. -
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Johnson used the Gulf of Tonkin off Vietnam's coast to secure congressional authorization for U.S. forces going into combat, but North Vietnamese gunboats shot down U.S. gunships in the Gulf of Tonkin. Congress approved the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which gave the president a blank check to take "all necessary measures" to protect U.S. interests in Vietnam. -
Civil Rights Act of 1965
Johnson then persuaded Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This act ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas where blacks were kept from voting. -
Women's Movement
Betty Friedan helped found the National Organization for Women (NOW), which adopted the activist tactics of other opportunities. By this time,Congress than enacted two antidiscrimination laws: the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Election 0f 1968
After Robert Kennedy's death, tje election was between George Wallace and Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. Nixon defeated Humphrey but took a substantial majority of the electoral vote, ending any threat that the election had in the House of Representatives.