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1960's Timeline Project
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Brown Vs. Board of Education
The Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, and declared that racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment. -
Geneva Conference
Was to work out a peace agreement for indochinas future after the French Surrenderd. Representatives from many countries got together in Geneva Switzerland. A cease fire was arranged and Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
After a long day at work, Rosa Parks boards a Montgomery bus and sits down. The white section was soon filled and she was ordered to give up her seat. She refused and was later arrested. This event lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott where 90 percent of black riders stayed off the bus, this boycott lasted for about a year until courts ruled segregation on buses was unconstitutional. -
Little Rock Crisis
1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas nine black students wanted to go to Little Rock Central High School, in which at that time, only white students went to. Governer Orval Faubes violated court oreder of integration, President Eisenhower sent in troops to escort and guard the students throughout the year because they were harassed by white extremists. -
A Civil War
Vietcong, stood for Vietnam communists wanted to overthrow Diem and the government. They assasinated many government officials and were eventually joined by North Vietnam. President Eisenhower decides to intervene. -
Sit in Movement
A group of black students went to a coffee shop and were denied service. They remained there and expected to be arrested, when they werent arrested they encouraged others to join them in their daily sit ins. this encouiraged many peaceful protests and even encouraged CORE and Freedom Riders. -
Black Muslims
One of the largest black anti segregation groups, practiced Islam teachings and ideas against discrimination. Practiced peaceful teachings against segregation and to stay peaceful in the mind. -
Kennedy Inaugurated
During the election of 1960, Kennedy was running for president against Richard Nixon. Kennedy focused on the peoples fears of Russia and the Cold War. By only winning the election with a margin of 120,000 votes, it became one of the closest elections in history. -
Bay Of Pigs Invasion
Unseccessful attempt of the U.S trained cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro and the Cuban government. -
The Space Program
After Russia launches the first Human into space, the U.S becomes concerned that they are not a superpower and may be vulnerable to Russia. Kennedy then Launches the space program with a goal of landing on the moon. -
Warren Court
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Cuban Americans?
78,000 Cubans leave Cuba after Castro gains control, later about 50,000 com one flights to the U.S. unlike Latinos the Cubans left for politcal reasons and not economic reasons. Many of the Cubans who came were wealthy -
24th Amendment Passed
Banned states from requiring a tax to vote. A tax for voting was a way that eliminated many blacks from being able to vote because they were generally not as wealthy. -
Cuban Missile Crisis Ends
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March on Washington
Largest demonstration held in the United States, included 200,000 people marching on the capitol to help send out the message to get Kennedy's civil rights law passed. -
Kennedy Assasination
Kennedy is riding in an open car through the city of Dallas to where he is about to make a speech when shots ring out from ther sixth floor of an office building. Kennedy is fatally wounded and soon pronounced dead. -
Johnson Becomes President
Soon after the Assasination of President Kennedy, Vice President Joshnson is sworn into office while on Air Force one after Kennedy is pronounced dead. -
Hippie Culture
Teens and young adults who wanted to create a culture based on love and respect for one another. Used music to protest agains hate, many of these people protested against the war. -
The Great Society
Johnsons idea of "The Great Society" included many government funding programs that helped fight against poverty, pollution to the enviornment, and most importantly programs that still exist today such as medicaid, medicare, and Dept. of Housing and Urban Development. -
Civil Rights act of 1964
Signed by Johnson in 1964 to eliminate descrimination in the workplace and educational facilities. -
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Approved by congress to let the President take all necessary measures to repel an attack against U.S forces. Gave Johnson and advisors to expand the war. -
Johnson Re-elected
In the Presidential election of 1964 Johnson is re-elected to President after fulfilling Kennedy's term as President. Johnson is victorious with a 486-52 victory over Senetor Barry Goldwater. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
First major U.S. involvement in Vietnam, bombing over North Vietnam. Used to weaken them and their defences targeting bases of the North Vietnamese -
Selma March
600 begin to march 54 miles to Montgomery when they were stopped on the Edmund Pettus Bridge and fired upon with tear gas. Then beaten by police with clubs, chains, and even cattle prods. After recieving promises of Federal protection, the group reached Montgomery on March 25th. -
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Paths from North Vietnam to South Vietnam that helped the Vietcong and North Vietnamese travel back and forth transporting suppiles and troops without being detected. -
Battlefield Reporting
When the Vietnam war started, many reporters and camera men went with the soldiers right into battle. The footage shown in the battle was then brought directly to the tvs of many americans and they could see what is going on in the war. this eventually led to many people not supporting the war efforts at all, -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Passed with great success, Parks and King were there for the signing. led to many barriers agains blacks voting rights to be broken. -
Anti War Movement
Many people, mostly teachers students homemakers and retirees protested against the war. They protested that it was a waste, killing many of our young men and innocent people. They believed the war was none of our business and it should be ended now. Many military men that came back from the war also joined this protest. -
Black Panthers
Called for blacks to use violent measures in protests against discrimination. Killed many white people and police and the group was largly hated by whites. -
Art and Film
During the late 1960s and early 1970s the movement of pop art and rock songs about love were extensive. People used songs and art to show love and convince people that the war was bad and to protest against it. It was the best way to get the word of love out to everyone. -
Summer of Love
Summer of Love was known as the hippie movement, This is how hippies expressed their morals of love peace and harmony. This was very large role in the protests during the war times. -
Poor Peoples Campaign
Campaign in Washington to put out the word of poor people, not just of blacks, included white people too. Campaign turned out to be a disaster and was not very influential. After 6 weeks iot was ended by police with tear gas. -
King Assasinated
While preparing for a speech he was shot by a white man named Earl Ray from a balcony at a hotel he was staying. Many were outraged by this and rioted. -
Civil Rights act pf 1968
Signed just one week after King was assasinated, called for elimination of discrimination in sales of rent or housing. -
Affirmative Action
In the late 1960s the U.S Justice Department began taking legal action against employersfor violating the Civil Rights Act of 1946. Also many colleges set up programs that gave preference to minorities and women. -
Feminism
The idea of Womens liberation and their fight for fairness. groups such as National Organization for Women faught for better treatment of women ion the workplace, schools, and justice system. Also campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment. -
Tet Offensive
Starting with the Vietcong attack on the U.S. embassy led to series of massive attcks on the south Vietnamese and U.S. from the North and Vietcong. These well planned attacks were soon repelled by the U.S. and led to major losses for the North and ultimately the end of the Vietcong. -
Election of 1968
As Johnson announces he will not run again for President, Hubert Humphrey ran against Richard Nixon and loses 301 to 191. People feared that Humphrey would continue the war effort and belived Nixon would try to end it. -
Vietnamization
Nixon pledged to end the war during his campaign, him and his National Security advisor, Henry Kissinger slowly remover our troops from Vietnam. This process was known as Vietnamization. -
Movement For Latino Rights
Many mexicans who called themselves Chicanos, Short for Mexicanos began to fight for rights. Reies Lopes Tijerina and Corky Gonzales were influential latino leaders who helod in the efforts to gain rights for latinos. -
Anti War Movement Grows
With polls in late 1969, more then half of Americans showerd they were against the war. Many Radical protests would soon begin and people wanted the war to be over. -
La Raza Unida Party
Campaigned for bilingual education improved public works, education for childern and migrant workers. -
Election Of 1972
Nixon beats his oponent Mcgovern by a landslide of about 60 percent to 30 percent of popular vote.It is thought that Nixons statement, "peace is at hand" helped him win the election even though both candidates ran with the idea to end the war. -
Roe Vs. Wade
Supreme Court struck laws banning abortion, ruled that these laws violated the constitutional right to privacy -
AIM
This was known as the American Indian Movement that called for better treatment of Indians and to keep the Indian culture.
