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Election of George Washington
George Washington was inaugurated in the nation’s capital at that time, New York City, on April 30, 1789. This was not a real election, though. George Washington was just appointed because of all he has done to serve our country. He helped fight and win in the American Revolution, he peacefully went back home still thinking himself as an equal man as others, and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention. Because of all that, George Washington became the first president of the US. -
Whiskey Rebellion
To help American manufactures Hamilton asked congress to pass a tariff on foreign goods brought into the country
He wanted a high tariff to make imported goods more expensive then American made goods
Congress approved a tax on all liquor made and sold in America
The whiskey rebellion tested the will of the new government -
Bill of Rights added to the Constitution
In 1789, James Madison had proposed a set of 12 amendments in the first Congress. Required by the Constitution, the amendments had to go to the states to be ratified. On December 1791, the ratifications were complete, and three fourths of the states had ratified 10 of the 12 amendments. These 10 amendments became know as the Bill of Rights, and they were officially added to to US Constitution. -
Election of John Adams
John was a federalist and his Vice-President, Thomas Jefferson, was a republican. He was probably the most unlike president in history, and was anti-war -
XYZ Affair
n 1797, French ships started to seize American ships in the West Indies, because they were mad that Jay’s Treaty for “favoring Britain”. John Adams sent three diplomats to discuss the rights and issues with former French minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand. Instead, Talleyrand sent three agents (who became known as XYZ) to offer a deal before the diplomats could meet him. The three agents asked for a bribe of $250,000 for Talleyrand himself, and $10 million as a loan to France. (didn't pay) -
Alien Act
Under John Adam’s presidency, his political party, the Federalists, made many unfair laws through Congress in 1798. These series of laws became known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. Under the Alien Act, the President had the right to kick out any alien, or foreigner, that they thought to be dangerous to the country. Also, before 1798, immigrants could become naturalized citizens after living in the US for five years. Although, after the Alien Acts, they had to wait 14 years to become a citizen. -
Sedition Act
Federalists forced laws through congress they were called Alien and Sedition act
Republicans grew angrier when congress passed the sedition act
Sedition means stirring up rebellion against a government
Under this law citizens could be fined or jailed if they criticized the government -
Election of Thomas Jefferson
As the election neared Republicans focused on two issues
Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice president
Despite the split in the federalists party John Adams was again named its candidate
Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes
They had to turn it over to The House Of Representatives -
John Marshall Appointed
On January 27, 1801, President John Adams appointed many Federalists to the Judicial branch. The reason he did this was because he had lost to Jefferson in the Election of 1800, and this was his last night on office to keep the Federalist Party alive. One of these men was John Marshall, John Adam’s Secretary of State, who was appointed as Chief Justice. Thanks to John Marshall’s perfectly utilized power, the Judicial Branch had become just as powerful as the other two branches. -
Marbury v. Madison
Adams knew that the reign of the Federalist party was going to end soon on his last night as President after losing to Thomas Jefferson. To increase Federalist power in government, Adams made an appointment to several federalists to make them control the courts. Jefferson ordered Madison to stop this. Because of this, only half of them got appointed, and William Marbury was one of them who didn’t get his job. Marbury sued Madison over this. John Marshall made it unconstitution and Madison won. -
Louisiana Purchase
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson realized that he did have the authority of buying Louisiana after negotiating with Napoleon. He specifically pointed out that the Constitution allows the Presidents to make treaties. Because of the, the Senate approved this treaty, and Louisiana Purchase occurred. In just a matter of months, the US had control over the vast lands west of the Mississippi Rive and the nation’s size had doubled. -
Lewis & Clark Expedition
In 1803, few Americans knew about the new Louisiana territory that was recently purchased. President Jefferson set out William Clark and Meriwether Lewis on an expedition to explore this mysterious land. On May 1804, Lewis and Clark started up at the Mississippi River at St. Louis. On their expedition, they went across the plains, became friends with Sacagawea and other Indian tribes which would later on help them, crossed the Rockies, and ended their expedition at the Pacifice Ocean. -
Embargo Act
Jefferson hoped that American embargo on trade would hurt France and Britain
In 1807 Jefferson persuaded congress to impose an embargo act on foreign trade
The embargo act didn't hurt Britain and France
Supplies of imports were cut off -
Election of James Madison
James Madison defeated Charles Pickney.
Madison had served as United States secretary.
Madison was a democratic Republican. -
Non-Intercourse Act
in 1809 Jefferson admitted that the embargo act had failed.
Congress replaced it with the non-intercourse act.
It allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France.
Jefferson hoped that Britain and France would soon agree to respect American neutrality. -
War of 1812
Andrew Jackson was an hero
Daniel Webster opposed the war of 1812
The war hawks were led by Henry Clay
They wanted to invade Canada and make it part of the U.S. -
Election of James Monroe
A republican candidate for president, he easily defeated senator Rufus King. Federalists had seriously declined in popularity, and Monroe’s presidency was considered the “Era of Good Feelings”. -
Battle of New Orleans
The British attacked New Orleans, hoping to sail up the Mississippi. General Andrew Jackson led thousands of frontier men and Choctaw Indians. America wan by a landslide. -
Expanded Suffrage to All White Males
During the Jacksonian Era, white male suffrage was expanding throughout the country. The President believed that voting rights should be expanded. They wanted to give equal rights to all men. By 1850, almost all the harsh requirements to own property and pay taxes had been dropped. White male rights have been restored. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri’s admission would give the South a majority in the senate. Northerners opposed letting Missouri enter as a slave state. Henry Clay came up with a compromise that kept the number of slaves and free states equal. -
Monroe Doctrine
More and more western hemisphere countries were starting to get their independence from European countries, especially in Latin America. Although Americans cheered on for their independence, they were also concerned for them since the newly developed countries were weak. In 1823, President Monroe signed a strict policy called the Monroe Doctrine. It declared the the US would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or any other existing European colonies. On the contrary, it also declar -
McCullough v. Maryland:
1819 In the case of McCullough v. Maryland the court ruled that the states had no right to interfere with federal institutions
The ruling strengthened federal power
It also allowed the Bank of the United states continue
Which helped the economy to expand -
Gibbens v. Odgen
2 case in which the supreme court upheld the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce. -
Election of Andrew Jackson
On the second time Jackson went for president,he won easily. His predecessor, John Adams, was unfavored and unliked. -
Indian Removal Act
Jackson’s supporters in congress pushed through the Indian removal act.
It forced many Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi.
Whites didn't mind turning land over to Indians.
In 1838 the United states army drove more than 15000 Cherokees westward. -
Worcester v. Georgia
Many states wanted to prevent tribes like the Cherokees from forming their own independent governments.
Georgia passed a law saying that all Indians in the state must be governed by the state laws.
The Cherokees went to court arguing that treaties with the federal government protected their rights and property.
Chief justice John Marshall declared Georgia’s law unconstitutional. -
Closing of the US Bank
President Andrew Jackson found that the 2nd Band of the United States was becoming way too powerful. The Bank was controlling loans made by state banks, which gave them a lot of power. The U.S. Bank felt that state banks were giving too much loans, so they put a limit. This angered the farmers and merchants who borrowed money to buy land of finance new business. Daniel Webster and Henry Clay decided to pay the renewal of the Bank a couple years early. Jackson took action real fast, and vetoed.
