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One of the great American composers of the first half of the 20th century
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Born in Canada, helped found the National Association of Negro Musicians (1919).
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The first black female composer to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra: Symphony No. 1 in E minor
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Taught practically all 20th Century American composers except George Gershwin, whom she refused to let in her class.
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Russian composer: orchestral pieces, piano works and film music
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First Black American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by a major ensemble (1931, 1949)
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John Cage’s teacher, he was an American innovator who was drawn to non-Western music. He invented Chance music as well as new techniques for playing the piano.
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American composer that wrote classical, concert hall music infused with jazz and popular music. Wrote for Broadway, film, and the concert hall.
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Major band leader in the swing era (1930s) and then in the big band era (1940s). Composed hundreds of tunes, film scores, concertos, concert pieces, and works for the theater.
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An American composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and sponsor of concerts.
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An American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Best known for being one of the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance.
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An American composer; influential as a teacher and as a composer for 50 years.
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One of the leading female jazz singers, she broke racial barriers by performing with white bands
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Composed A Train, collaborated with Ellington on songs for many years
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His experience as a conductor of classical music, as a performer of classical music and jazz, and as a teacher all lead to a special kind of theatrical work.
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An intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s. Began approximately 1923.
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A severe economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s.
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The highly improvisational style of New Orleans jazz led, in the 1930s, to the swing or big band era.
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The first symphony composed by a black female composer to be performed. Performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under the conductor Frederick Stock.
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Gershwin said he wrote it to be an American folk opera. First opera with an all Black cast. -
Composed by Sergei Prokofiev. A commission to create music that would help cultivate musical taste in young children.
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A blues song written by jazz singer Billie Holiday, composing it just before being recorded in a session in 1936.
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A song composed by Ellington, though it was really composed by Billy Strayhorn. -
A global war that involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
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also known as the Shoah, the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
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The new “cool” jazz (late 1940s) Consisted of fast tempos, dissonant solos.
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Ballet composed by Copland for Martha Graham who also danced the lead.
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A period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union which began following World War II.
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Art song from a song cycle composed by William Grant Still. Text by Langston Hughes.
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During the mid 1950s, Chuck Berry, along with Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Fats Domino, and Jerry Lee Lewis, blended the musical styles of jump blues and honky-tonk with an edgy attitude to create a new genre known as rock ‘n’ roll. -
Composed by Florence Price
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Jazz score composed Alex North. -
a helical scan recorder, is invented by Norikazu Sawazaki.
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Score composed by Leonard Bernstein -
a 20th-century competition between two Cold War adversaries, the Soviet Union and the United States, to achieve superior spaceflight capability.
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Invented by IBM.
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co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings.