Physical Disability Timeline

  • First Wheelchair Patent

    The first wheelchair patent is registered with the U.S. Patent Office.
  • Eugenics Movement Began

    "Eugenics" term was used in “Essays in Eugenics” by Sir Francis Galton. This U.S. movement resulted in laws that prevented people with disabilities from moving to this country, marrying, or having children.
  • Folding Wheelchair is Invented

  • "The Kadikak Family" and "The Threat of the Feeble Minded" are released.

    Both documents advanced the agenda of the eugenics movement and increased the climate of hysteria that led to massive human rights abuse of people with disabilities.
  • The Smith-Sear Veterans Vocational Rehabilitation Act

    The Smith-Sear Veterans Vocational Rehabilitation Act establishes federal vocational rehabilitation for disabled soldiers.
  • The Fess-Smith Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation

    The Fess-Smith Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act is passed, creating a vocational rehabilitation program for disabled civilians.
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected President.

    Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the first person with a significant disability to be elected as a head of government, was sworn into office as president of the United States.
  • The League of the Physically Handicapped was formed

    The group organized sit-ins, picket lines, and demonstrations to protest employment discrimination against people with disabilities by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
  • Folding Wheelchair with X frame invented

    Herbert A. Everest and Harry C. Jennings patented a design for a folding wheelchair with an X-frame that could be packed into a car trunk. They found Everest & Jennings (E & J), which eventually became the largest manufacturer of wheelchairs in the United States.
  • Hitler and World War II

    World War II began. Hitler ordered widespread “mercy killing” of the sick and disabled. The Nazi euthanasia program (code name Aktion T4) was implemented to eliminate “life unworthy of life.”
  • The American Federation of the Physically Handicapped rallies to end job discrimination.

    The American Federation of the Physically Handicapped was the first cross-disability national political organization to urge an end to job discrimination, call for a National Employ the Physically Handicapped Week, and propose other legislative initiatives.
  • National Employ the Handicapped Week is created.

    President Truman signed PL-176.
  • First President's Committee meeting for Employ the Handicapped Week.

    The first meeting of the Presidents Committee on National Employ the Physically Handicapped Week was held in Washington, D.C. Its publicity campaigns, coordinated by state and local committees, emphasized the competence of people with disabilities. Movie trailers, billboards, and radio and television ads were used to convince the public to hire the handicapped.
  • Disabled Student's Program established at University of Illinois At Galesburg.

    The disabled students’ program at the University of Illinois at Galesburg was officially established. The program moved to the campus at UrbanaChampaign where it became a prototype for disabled student programs and independent living centers across the country.
  • The first Annual Wheelchair Basketball Tournament was held in Galesburg, Illinois.

  • Brown Vs. Board of Education

    The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that separate schools for black and white children were unequal and unconstitutional.
  • The first National Wheelchair Games in the United States.

    Games were held at Adelphi College in Garden City, New York.
  • "Rehabilitation Gazette" began.

    Was a voice for disability rights, independent living and cross-disability organizing, and it featured articles by disabled writers.
  • The first Paralympic Games were held in Italy.

  • The American National Standard Institute, Inc. (ANSI) published “American Standard Specifications for Making Buildings Accessible to, and Usable by, the Physically Handicapped" is published.

  • The Civil Rights Act is passed.

    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and later sexual orientation
  • The Architectural Barriers Act is signed.

    Required that all federally owned or leased buildings be accessible to people with physical disabilities.
  • Mills Vs. Board of Education & PARC Vs. Pennsylvania

    The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, in Mills v. Board of Education, ruled that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the public schools. The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in PARC v. Pennsylvania, struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the public schools.
  • The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was passed.

    The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment and in the employment practices of federal contractors.
  • The first U.S. National Wheelchair Basketball Tournament and the first National Wheelchair Marathon were held.

  • The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Pub. Law 94-142) was passed.

    Required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities.
  • The White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals was held.

  • The U.S Olympic Committee organized its Handicapped in Sports Committee.

  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed.

    ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

  • First Disability Pride Parade

    Held in Chicago