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Second Great Awakening Began
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
The slave revolt in Richmond Va was unsuccessful, but it showed an important example of slaves taking action to gain freedom -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson is elected the 3rd president of the United States. He beat John Adams being elected again. -
Louisiana Purchase
The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for 15 million, gave the states control of the Mississippi and the port city of New Orleans. -
Marbury Vs Madison
Most important case of Supreme Court history because they had to apply "Judicial review". Supreme court declared an act of congress unconstitutional -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Their mission was to explore the unknown territory, establish trade with the Natives and affirm the sovereignty of the United States in the region -
Embargo Act
Prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. -
Chesapeake Leopard Affair
Part of the War of 1812, between the Royal Navy and the Americans USS Chesapeake. The crew of the Leopard was looking for deserters from the Royal Navy. -
James Madison Elected President
James Madison served as U.S Secretary of state under President Jefferson. Was the 4th President -
Non-intercourse Act
This act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. Its intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill From Manchester, England
Francis Cabot Lowell didn't invent the power loom, but he did bring it to the U.S., improved the design and was weaving fabric in Doncaster, England. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
The phrase "manifest destiny" often represents the territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1860. -
Dartmouth College V. Woodward
The 1819 Supreme Court Dartmouth College v. Woodward was, at its core, an issue of state power and contracts. -
Death of Tecumseh
Was the most important Native American leader of the early 19th century. Was killed in action in the Battle of the Thames -
The British Burn Washington DC
British attacked Washington DC after American troops had attacked Canada and burned some government buildings of the British -
End of the War of 1812
A large British army was forced to leave the northwest of U.S and retreat to Canada. -
Battle of New Orleans
Two weeks after the War of 1812 ended, Andrew Jackson wins the war at the Battle of New Orleans, makes Jackson a war hero. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
Ended the War of 1812. Terms of the treaty were all conquered territory was to be returned and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada -
Harford Convention
New England Federalists met to discuss their problems with the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems -
Era of Good Feeling
Monroe was the first clear representative of the one-party system under the Republicans. His term in office became known as the Era of Good Feelings, in part because of the political cooperation stemming from one-party politics, and because of America's high morale after the War of 1812. -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
A treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain. -
James Monroe Elected President
Monroe was elected the 5th president of the United States in 1817. -
Anglo-American Convention
Was to settle outstanding boundary issues and disputes between the US and British North America following the war of 1812 -
Adams-Onis Treaty
A treaty between the U.S and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S -
McCulloch V. Maryland
One of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. -
Missouri Compromise
An effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. 22 states were evenly divided between slave and free -
Panic of 1819
Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. -
Charles B Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Charles Finney was an American Presbyterian minister and the leader of the Second Great Awakening in the United States. Finney's significance was in innovative preaching and service procedure. -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey was a literate skilled carpenter and leader among the African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina. He was accused and convicted of being the ringleader of a slave uprising. He was later executed -
Monroe Doctrine
Warns Europe that the United States will not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. The United States also promised to stay out of the Europeans business. -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
John Quincy Adams beat Jackson in 1824 when the election was deferred to the House of Rep. When Henry Clay was chosen to be secretary of state, Jackson denounced the election as "the corrupt bargain" -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
During the early part of the 19th century, New Harmony was the site of two attempts to establish Utopian communities. -
Gibbons V. Ogden
Was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court now had the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation. -
Erie Canal Completed
It was significant because it connected Lake Erie and the Great Lakes system to the Hudson River, and thereby gave the western states direct access to the Atlantic Ocean without shipping goods downstream on the Mississippi River to New Orleans. -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
Gave a glowing description on the sin of intemperance (drinking alcohol). Made a huge impact on the temperance movement -
Tariff of Abominations
The tariffs taxed all foreign goods, to boost the sales of US products and protect Northern manufacturers from cheap British goods. Showed Nationalism -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Andrew Jackson was a soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress. -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
Catherine considered woman natural teachers, with teaching as an extension of their domestic role. This gave many women the motivation they needed to become educated. -
Indian Removal Act
Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Nullification Crisis Began
The convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession. -
Worcester V. Georgia
Worcester v. Georgia was a case in which the Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
On this day in 1833, President Andrew Jackson announced that the government would no longer deposit federal funds in the Second Bank of the United States, the quasi-governmental national bank. He then used his executive power to close the account and to put the money in various state banks. -
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War marked the end of Native armed resistance to U.S. expansion in the Old Northwest -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S
Along with the rival Democratic Party, it was central to the Second Party System from the early 1840s to the mid-1860s. It originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson -
Treaty of New Echota
It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. -
First McGuffey Reader Published
McGuffey Readers were a series of graded primers for grade levels 1-6. They were widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and are still used today in some private schools and in homeschooling. -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Slavery was against Mexican law, but Americans brought slaves to Texas. Many American settlers and Tejanos, or Mexicans who lived in Texas, wanted to break away from Mexico. They did not like laws made by Santa Anna, Mexico's president. The Tejanos and Texans decided to fight for independence. -
Battle of the Alamo
In 1836, a small group of Texans was defeated by Mexican General Santa Anna. -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States. It arose as a reaction to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
Eighth president of the United States and one of the founders of the Democratic Party -
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was partly caused by the economic policies of President Jackson, who created the Specie Circular by executive order and refused to renew the charter of Second Bank of the United States. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints
Smith announced a revelation in 1838 which renamed the church as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. In 1831, Smith and his followers moved west, planning to build a communalistic American Zion. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
In this address, Emerson made comments that were radical for their time. Emerson proclaimed many of the tenets of Transcendentalism against a more conventional Unitarian theology. He argued that moral intuition is a better guide to the moral sentiment than religious doctrine, and insisted upon the presence of true moral sentiment in each individual, while discounting the necessity of belief in the historical miracles of Jesus. -
The Trail of Tears
The Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Was a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (the region that became Canada) -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
America desired to establish a firm, lasting, and sincere friendship between the two nations. -
James Polk Elected President
The 15th quadrennial presidential election. Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issues of slavery and the annexation of the Republic of Texas. 11th president of the United States. -
U.S Annexation of Texas
During his tenure, U.S. President James K. Polk oversaw the greatest territorial expansion of the United States to date. -
Start of Mexican War
The Mexican American war helped fulfill America's "manifest destiny" to expand its territory. -
Bear Flag Revolt
A small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. -
Gold Rush Began in California
Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
As a social reformer, he was influential in the promotion of the temperance movement, which was aimed at prohibiting the use of alcoholic beverages. He also worked to help establish a state insane asylum. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
The Oneida Community was a perfectionist religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 in Oneida, New York. Their ideas focused on the sense of communal property and possessions -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S
American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
While living at Walden Pond, Thoreau also had an encounter with the law. He spent a night in jail after refusing to pay a poll tax. This experience led him to write one of his best-known and most influential essays, "Civil Disobedience". Helped peak commoners interest on self identity and self worth. -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase secured area for the transcontinental railroad and set the U.S.-Mexican border. -
Kanagawa Treaty
Concluded by representatives of the United States and Japan at Kanagawa, it marked the end of Japan's period of seclusion
