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Furthered mechanistic theory, established Mind/Body Dualism, and predicted the reflex arc (Mahoney, 1989)
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Established thought on causation (Chiesa, 1992).
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Published "On the Origin of Species" which stressed adaptation and phylogeny which influenced behaviorism's ontological foundations (Mahoney, 1989; Moore, 2008)
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Studied physiology and reflexes (Moore, 2008).
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Established the first experimental psychology laboratory (Moore, 2008). Focused on reaction times and introspection – “physiological psychology” (Moore, 2008).
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Published Science of Mechanics which influenced Skinner on causation and functional relations (Chiesa, 1992).
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A founder of radical empiricism and functionalism (Day, 1983; Moore, 2008; Schneider & Morris, 1987).
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Founded the American Psychological Association (APA; Moore, 2008). Focused on Genetic Psychology (Moore, 2008). Focused on consciousness as subject matter with the use of introspection and questionnaires as the methodologies (Moore, 2008).
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Studied physiology and reflexes related to observable/measurable behavior (Moore, 2008).
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A biological scientist who expressed a focus on examining ways to control and predict behavior vs. examining true causes of behavior (Mahoney, 1989). He believed behavior was explained in the brain through mechanical reactions to external stimuli; tropism and mechanism (Moore, 2008).
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Followed structuralism – focused on describing consciousness through reaction times and introspection; focused on “mental life” (Moore, 2008).
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Studied the process of learning in animals and humans with a focus on the law of cause and effect (Moore, 2008). Demonstrated that animal behavior could be objectively studied and demonstrated evidence against mentalism (Skinner, 1963).
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Termed “behaviorism” (Schneider & Morris, 1987), was the first to advocate for a science of behavior (Skinner, 1963), and studied stimulus-response (S-R) psychology (Moore, 2008).
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Established stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) Psychology (or purposeful/molar behaviorism; Chiesa, 1992).
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Skinner’s radical behaviorism began to dominate psychological literature in the late 1950s (Ruiz, 1995). It incorporated the objective study and distinction of both public and private events (Day, 1983; Moore, 2008; Skinner, 1963).
