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The Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
Taxes on imported goods were raised, in hopes that the buying of foreign goods would be discouraged. As a result of this tariff, the Southern States suffered, due to their dependability on the goods of Europe.
Result: ruled as unconstitutional -
S.C. Exposition and Protest
Written in opposition to the Tariff of 1828, this response brought Calhoun's ideas into play. In Calhoun's Doctrine of Nullification, he believes that federal laws can be rejected by states if they deem necessary. Calhoun's ideas, which were that this tariff was unconstitutional and it should be null and void, were taken into consideration and used by South Carolina. (it led to the Ordinance of Nullification, which will be discussed later.) -
Hayne-Webster Debates
In Congress, these debates were held between Robert Hayne and Daniel Webster, debating one various subjects, such as the Nullification Crisis, slavery, and western expansion of U.S. territory.
Hayne's beliefs- federal laws were able to be nullified by the states
Webster's beliefs- Since America is based on the people and the federal laws are also based on the people, then the laws are correct (constitutional) and do not need to be nullified. -
Tariff of 1832
Although it was still disliked by Southerns (especially in South Carolina), this tariff was issued for the purpose of relieving some of the tension imposed by the Tariff of 1828. -
S.C.'s Ordinance of Nullification
Since the Tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional, this is was caused them both to become nulled and voided. This was caused by threats of South Carolina leaving the Union and states not paying the tariffs. President Jackson, who issued and enforced these tariffs, was not happy with the outcomes, leading to "Jackson's Proclamation to the People of South Carolina." -
Jackson's Proclamation to the People of South Carolina
After South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification, Jackson rebutted with this. The people of South Carolina were warned in this proclamation to follow the desires and laws of the U.S. Constitution, or he would use force. Nullification was not a part of President Andrew Jackson's ideals. -
Haynes Counter-Proclamation
This was the reaction/response of Haynes after Jackson's Proclamation to the People of South Carolina. If states felt that federal laws were tyrannical/oppressive, then they were allowed to say the laws were unconstitutional, and should null and void them. Jackson, again, was not happy with this, and he sent troops to South Carolina to attack. This caused tension between America and South Carolina, and war could be sensed among the nation. -
The Force Bill
Allowed for Jackson to send troops to states that did not comply with import tariffs/duties. In this cause, South Carolina was not complying with the tariffs of 1828 & 1832, so Jackson needed/wanted the right to bring in force to make them comply. But, in turn, this was declared unconstitutional, just like the other two tariffs. -
Compromise Tariff of 1833
In the attempt to calm/resolve the problems put in place by the Nullification Crisis, John Calhoun and Henry Clay came up with this proposed tariff. Basically, it lowered the percentage of tariffs over a 10 year span placed on imported goods.
South Carolina had to revisit all of their previous nullifications, but they were not conflicted with this tariff; seemed to be pleased by it.
THIS WAS THE OFFICIAL END OF THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS! -
S.C.'s Repeal on Nullification
Since South Carolina agreed with the lowered tariff rates introduced by the Compromise Tariff of 1833, they nullified the Nullification Ordinance, and enforced this.
Overall, this event created different ideals of the North and South of American. End of the Nullification Crisis, and off to the next event: the Civil War.
