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Tariff of Abominations
This was a protective tariff that supported local industries by increasing the costs of imported goods. Businesses and farmers in the South wanted President Jackson to modify this act. They believed that it benefitted Northern manufacturers only. -
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
This was a protest against the Tariff of Abominations. John C. Calhoun declared that the states had the authority to reject oppressive federal laws if deemed unconstitutional. -
Tariff Downward
This was a revision passed by Congress and President Jackson. It slightly lowered the previous levies. This did not satisfy South Carolina. -
Ordinance of Nullification
South Carolina adopted this after the Tariff downwards as a form of protest. It declared tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional within state borders. This also included the authorization for raising a military force and appropriations for arms. -
Jackson's Proclamation to Nullification
As a result of South Carolina's Nullification, Jackson responded by stating that states do not have the right to nullify a federal law that they believe is unconstitutional. He also threatens them by stating he would personally lead the U.S Army to enforce the law. -
Force Bill
South Carolinians were still angered and upset by the protective tariff which caused them to protest. As a result, President Jackson sent federal troops to enforce the tariffs. -
Clay's Tariff Bill
Henry Clay created a compromise as a result of the nullification crisis. This guaranteed that all tariff rates above 20% would be reduced by one-tenth every two years. By 1842, the duties would reach the tariff of 1816. -
Force Act
This was passed by Congress which allowed the President to use military power to enforce the laws.