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abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and divided Africans into ten ethnically discrete groups
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From 1960 to 1983 the apartheid government forcibly moved 3.5 million black South Africans in one of the largest mass removals of people in modern history.
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A member of the African National Congress party beginning in the 1940s, he was a leader of both peaceful protests and armed resistance against the white minority’s oppressive regime in a racially divided South Africa. His actions landed him in prison for nearly three decades.