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Period: to
1830-
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Indian Removal Act
Southern Native Americans were removed to federal terriroty weest of the Mississippi River. "Trail of Tears" was a consequence -
Dawes Act of 1887
Authorized the President of the US to survey Indian tribal land to divide it into allotments for individual Indians.
Amended in 1891, and in 1906 by the Burke Act -
Nucences, savages, barbarians
In 1890's Commisioner Thomas Morgan of Idian Affairs expanded the number of boarding school of reservations from 7 to 19. Indian Students and Parents often resisted.
Morgan said:
"..nucence to white neighbors...clog up progress... race of semi-savages and barabrians" -
BOARDING SCHOOL ERA (1920's)
In 1928, most boarding schools were seen as unsanitary and inadequate to vocational programs. The "Uniform Course of Study" which was based of European influences was cut. Older students were comprelled to go to boarding schools, where as younger students were sent to community schools. "The Indian Service was created to provide parent andtheir children with skills and knowldge to adapt to their white world. " - News21, the Charter Explosion website -
Sovereignty
Indians seen as their own citizens w/n their lands -
Meriam Report
Aka: "The Problem of Indian Administration"
A survey taken by Harvard Grad to show the General Policy for Indian Affairs, Health, Education, General eco. condiions, Family life, Migrated Indians, Legal Aspects of the Indian Problem, Missionary Activies within the tribes. -
1930's
Indian Schools became more progessive because of Collier, A.I.D.A. Students were taught to blend Native american and white culture. Teachers were trained to be culturally aware and senstive of the students. Boarding schools' strict military-type structure became more lax for the more child-friendly practices; more subjects taught. Vocational classes were developed. -
Positive Reports
Reports had student benifiting from going to school off reservation -
Regression
Since WWII, policy fell back to assimilation, from lack of funding. The US government's trust in triabl governments dissolved. -
Struggle for Self-Derermination(prt1)
The 1960s, when American Indian activism gained important changes between the nations and the US government. -
N.A.C.I.E
Creation of the National Advisory Council on Indian Education: Legislation for Funding -
Indian Civil Rights Act
Aka: "Inidan Bill of Rights" -
Struggle For Self-Determination (pr.2)
Self-determination was not official US policy until 1970, when Richard Nixon addressed the issue in his July 8 congressional "Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Recommendations for Indian Policy." Purpose was to indicate change of policies on US/Indian relations -
Education Reform
1972-1998: Indian Sovereignty for their own education -
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
Allowed tribes to negotiate contracts with the Bureau for Indian Affairs to create their own education and social programs. Tribal Contrilled Community College Assistance Act gave funding for to a few community colleges within reservation boundaries. -
Native American Language Act
Highlighted the importance of native languages and provided funding for classes for the culture lost. -
Drop out Rates
A study was done with the class of 1992, of those 25% Alaskan and Native American Indians dropped out.
