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Navajo and Apache Wars
the U.S. military fought the Navajos and Apaches largely for their lands. The Civil War brought many soldiers to the Southwest. General James Carleton, who decided to remove the Navajos and Apaches to reservations so that the lands of the Rio Grande Valley could be used for settlement and mining. -
Sand Creek Massacre
occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory,killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children. The location has been designated a National Historic Site and is administered by the National Park Service. -
Red Clouds War
Beginning in 1866 red cloud started one of the most successful wars ever fought against the United States by an Indian nation.The military was building forts along the Bozeman Trail straight through the Lakota Territory of Wyoming and Montana. As miners and pioneers started encroaching on Lakota Land, Red Cloud feared the demise of the Indian way of life there. -
Red River War
The Red River War led to the end of an entire way of life for the Southern Plains tribes and brought about a new chapter in Texas history. The Red River War officially ended in June 1875 when Quanah Parker and his band of Quahadi Comanche entered Fort Sill and surrendered. -
Battle of little bighorn
In late 1875, Sioux and Cheyenne Indians defiantly left their reservations, outraged over the continued intrusions of whites into their sacred lands in the Black Hills. They gathered in Montana with the great warrior Sitting Bull to fight for their lands. The following spring, two victories over the US Cavalry emboldened them to fight on in the summer of 1876. -
"A Century of Dishonor "
Jackson's book was well received and Congress appointed a commission to look into Indian affairs. The result was the Dawes Act that broke up reservation land into individual plots. The indiviual plots were given to Indian families. The effect of the Dawes Act, which was mostly well intentioned, resulted in a further destruction of tribal life. -
Dawes Severalty act
The Dawes Severalty Act broke the land of most remaining reservations into parcels to be farmed by individual American Indians or nuclear American Indian families. -
Battle of wounded knee
Wounded Knee, located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota, was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U.S. government. An 1890 massacre left some 150 Native Americans dead, in what was the final clash between federal troops and the Sioux.
