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476
Start of the Middle Age
The division of The Roman Empire -
500
Creation of the universities
-
Period: 500 to 1400
Feudalism
Feudalism is the political, economic and social system that developed in European countries during the Middle Ages. -
1000
Troubadours
Were educated artists, poets or musicians, in some cases, from the
noble. -
1000
Music notation
Was created in the Middle Ages. Previously, texts were sung, but the melodies were not written down, they were passed on orally. In monasteries, scribes began to draw symbols over the texts to help monks remember the melody. -
1054
Eastern schism
Long process of separation between the Christian Churches of East and West. -
Period: 1170 to 1310
Ars antiqua
Refers to the music of Europe from the late Middle Ages roughly between 1170 and 1310, spanning the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. It includes the 12th and 13th centuries. -
1200
The five-line stave began to be used
-
Period: 1240 to 1302
Cimabue
-
1300
Jongleurs
Were musicians and actors from poor families who played songs
composed by troubadours. -
Period: 1310 to 1377
Ars nova
Ars nova is an expression due to the theoretician Philippe de Vitry who designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which will occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the fifteenth century. -
1400
The five-line stave became the norm
-
1400
Quattrocento
In Florence appeared the innovations of the Renaissance (harmony and proportion). The main architects were Brunelleschi and Alberti; among the sculptors Ghiberti and Donatello stood out, and among the painters Masaccio, Fra Angelico and Botticelli. -
Period: Apr 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
He was at once painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist,artist, botanist, scientist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet and urban planner. -
1453
Start of the Renaissance
Fall of the Byzantine Empire -
Period: 1483 to 1546
Martín Lutero
He was a german monk who drafted 95 reasons, in which he accused the Church of corrupt -
1492
End of the Middle Age
Discoverment of America. -
1500
Absolutism
Absolutism, the political doctrine and practice of unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictator. -
Period: 1548 to
Tomás Luis de Victoria
He was a Catholic priest, chapel master and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. -
Period: 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
He was an Italian astronomer, engineer, philosopher, mathematician and physicist, closely associated with the scientific revolution. Eminent Renaissance man, he showed interest in almost all sciences and arts (music, literature, painting). His achievements include the improvement of the telescope, a wide range of astronomical observations, the first law of motion, and decisive support for the “Copernic Revolution. -
1580
Start of the barroque
The Baroque was a period of history in Western culture that originated from a new way of thinking about art (the “Baroque style”) and that, starting from different historical-cultural contexts, produced works in many artistic fields: literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, music, opera, dance, theatre, etc. -
Laetaus sum
It was a composition from Tomá Luis de Victoria -
Rationalism
Traditionally, it is considered to begin with René Descartes and his expression “I think, therefore I exist. ” Descartes said that geometry represented the ideal of all sciences and also of philosophy. -
Change of dynasty in England from Tudor to Stuart
After the childless death of Elizabeth I, James VI Stuart, King of Scotland, acceded to the throne as the great-grandson of Margaret Tudor, the elder sister of Henry VIII. Under the Stuart dynasty, the Personal Union of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland would take place. -
Period: to
Fall of the Spanish Empire
During the reigns of Felipe III and Felipe IV, in the 17th century, the Spanish Empire fell, due to an economic crisis caused by spending on wars, the loss of conquered territories and the decrease in the arrival of silver and minerals from the Americas due to the continual revolts of the natives. -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi was a composer, violinist, impresario, teacher and Venetian Catholic priest of the Baroque period. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso (“The Red Priest”) because he was a priest and redhead. Considered one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his life spread throughout Europe and was instrumental in the development of Johann Sebastian Bach’s instrumental music. -
The reign of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain began.
The House of Bourbon has reigned in Spain from 1700 to the present day except during the Napoleonic occupation (1808-1813), the Revolutionary Six-year (1868-1874), the Second Republic (1931-1939) and the dictatorship of General Franco (1939-1975) -
Música acuática
Is a composition by Georg Friedrich Händel. It is a collection of orchestral movements, often published as three suites. It was premiered on July 17, 1717 at the request of King George I to be performed on the River Thames. The concert was performed by fifty musicians on a barge sailing near the king’s barge and it is said that the king was so pleased that it had to be performed three times during the voyage. -
Period: to
José Cadalso
José Cadalso y Vázquez de Andrade, who used the literary pseudonym El Militar, was a Spanish soldier, killed when hit by an English grenade, and a valuable writer, remembered for his works Los eruditos a la violet, Noches lúgubres and Cartas marruecas -
Period: to
Johann Gottfried Herder
Was a German philosopher, theologian and literary critic, whose writings contributed to the emergence of German romanticism. As the instigator of the movement known as Sturm und Drang (“Storm and Impetus”), the German branch of European Pre-Romanticism, he inspired many writers, most notably the young Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whom he met in Strasbourg in 1770 and who would later become the leading figure of German literary classicism, although he was would distance considerably -
End of the barroque
For many scholars, the end of the Baroque period was established with the death of composer Johan Sebastian Bach on 28 July 1750. -
Period: to
Classical period
Classicism is the historiographical designation of a cultural, aesthetic and intellectual movement, inspired by the aesthetic and philosophical patterns of Classical Antiquity, which developed simultaneously with the different artistic styles and literary movements of the Modern Age. -
The ilustration
The Enlightenment was a cultural movement that spread from France throughout Europe throughout the 18th century. It advocated the use of reason and logic as a means of knowledge. -
Period: to
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozarta (Salzburg, 27 January 1756 – Vienna, 5 December 1791), better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher of the former Archbishopric of Salzburg (formerly part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of Austria), conductor and teacher. Classicism, considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history. -
End of the Renaissance
It ends with the french revolution -
Period: to
French revolution
In 1789 the French Revolution broke out, which overthrew the monarchy and changed the structures of power in France. As a result, important modern concepts such as citizenship, equality before the law and the rights of the individual emerged. The revolutionary process ended in 1804, when Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned emperor. -
The Magic Flute
The Magic Flute is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and libretto in German by Emanuel Schikaneder. The work takes the form of a singspiel, a type of popular opera sung in German, in which spoken parts are interspersed. In addition to being a great musical work, it expresses values by way of criticism. -
Period: to
Romanticism
Romanticism was the artistic, cultural and literary movement that took place at the end of the 18th century in England and Germany, and then spread to other countries in Europe and America. Romanticism broke with the ideas of Enlightenment and Neoclassicism and sought to highlight through music, art and literature the emotion that wild spaces, nature and the melancholy it generates. Its main representatives used the unbelievable, the dreamlike and the implausible for artistic creation. -
Period: to
Frédéric François Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish teacher, composer and virtuoso pianist, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical Romanticism. -
Period: to
Revolution of 1820
Revolution of 1820 or Revolutionary Cycle of 1820 are the names by which historiography has designated the set of revolutionary processes that took place in Europe around 1820. It was the first of the so-called revolutionary waves or cycles that shook Europe after the Napoleonic Wars and which were repeated successively in the wars of 1830 and 1848. -
Independence of Venezuela
The independence of Venezuela was the legal-political process that ended the ties that existed between the General Captaincy of Venezuela and the Spanish Empire. It also involved the replacement of the absolute monarchy by the republic as a form of government in Venezuela. -
Period: to
The first railway
The first railway to run in the world was Stockton to Darlington (Great Britain) in 1825 and the first steam locomotives to run on our lines were British. The first railway reached the Iberian Peninsula in 1848, covering the Barcelona-Mataró line. -
The Nocturnos op. 9
The Nocturnos, op. 9 is a set of three nocturnales written by Frédéric Chopin between 1830 and 1832, which were published that year and dedicated to Madame Marie Pleyel. The second nocturno in the series is considered to be Chopin’s most famous piece. -
Helio-etched
Heliography is a photographic procedure created by Joseph-Nicéphore Niépce, they were direct positive photography. Niépce made a distinction between images that had been obtained with this method involving reproductions of existing engravings, called “heliograpados”, and images taken directly from the natural by the camera, which he called “points of view. ” -
Period: to
Serguéi Vasílievich Rajmáninov
Serguéi Vasílievich Rajmáninov was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, one of the last great European post-romantic composers and considered one of the most influential pianists of the 20th century. Born into a family of musicians, Rakhmaninov began playing the piano at the age of four. -
Period: to
20th century
Classical music of the 20th century (also called cultured, academic, scholarly, contemporary, learned or serious music) was extremely diverse. It began with the continuation of the late 19th century movements such as the late Romantic and post-Romantic style of Sergey Rakhmaninov, Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss, the Impressionism of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. -
Period: to
Salvador Dalí
Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquis of Dalí de Púbol was a Spanish painter, sculptor, engraver, set designer and writer of the twentieth century. He is considered one of the highest representatives of surrealism. Salvador Dalí is known for his shocking and dreamlike surrealist images. -
Adolf Hitler’s rise to power
Adolf Hitler’s rise to power began in September 1919 in Germany when he joined the political party known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP, the German Workers' Party. -
Period: to
Franco's dictatorship
Francoism was a military dictatorship in which all the powers of the state fell into the hands of Franco. This meant the censorship and repression of any kind of resistance to the Franco regime, along with the abolition of political parties and trade unions. -
Symphonic Dances
Symphonic Dances, Op. 45, is an orchestral suite in three movements. Completed in 1940, it is Sergei Rakhmaninov’s last composition. The work sums up the style of composition in more than one way. -
The Burning Giraffe
The Burning Giraffe is a painting by the Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí. It is an oil painting on panel and is in the Kunstmuseum Basel. Dalí painted Burning Giraffe before his exile to the United States, which was from 1940 to 1948.