-
Temüjin received the title of Chinggis Khan
-
Mongols comprised much of northwestern China and parts of Tibet.
-
Uyghur Turks also submitted peacefully to the Mongols and became valued administrators throughout the empire. The creation of classic Mongolian script.
-
Genghis Khan led his armies across the Gobi Desert against the Jin Dynasty of northern China.
-
The Mongols captured the Jin capital of Zhongdu in the Battle of Zhongdu.
-
The Mongols captured Zhetysu and the Tarim Basin, occupying Kashgar. The execution of Mongol envoys by the Khwarezmian Shah Muhammad set in motion the first Mongol westward thrust.
-
The Mongols crossed the Jaxartes (Syr Darya) and begin their invasion of Transoxiana.
-
Mongols waged a war in central Asia and destroyed the Khwarezmid Empire. One notable feature was that the campaign was launched from several directions at once.
-
While the campaign in northern China was still in progress, the Mongols waged a war in central Asia and destroyed the Khwarezmid Empire. The attack was launched from several directions at once. In addition, it was notable for special units assigned by Genghis Khan personally to find and kill Ala al-Din Muhammad II, the Khwarazm shah who fled from them, and ultimately ended up hiding on an island in the Caspian Sea.
-
The Mongols gained a decisive victory at the Battle of the Kalka River, the first engagement between the Mongols and the East Slavic warriors.
-
Genghis Khan's death; Mongol leaders returned to Mongolia for kuriltai. The empire at this point covered nearly about four times the size of the Roman or Macedonian Empires.
-
Ögedei elected as Great Khan.
-
Mongol siege of Kaifeng. Missile-rockets were used by Jurcheds for the first time in history
-
Caizhou fell to the Mongols and the Jin Emperor Aizong committed suicide. The Mongols conquered the Jin dynasty
-
The Mongols invaded Korea. The beginning of the Mongol invasion of Europe
-
The Mongol-Song war began
-
The Mongol invasion of Georgia and Armenia under Chormaqan
-
Under the leadership of Batu Khan, the Mongols returned to the West and began their campaign to subjugate Kievan Rus'
-
The Mongols terminated Kiev
-
Hungarians and Croatians at the Battle of Sajo and Poles, Templars and Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Legnica are beaten.
-
The Mongols under Batu and Kadan invaded Bulgaria and forced them to pay annual tribute as vassals.
-
Western army made Seljuks of Anatolia a part of Mongol empire. The Lesser Armenians and the Empire of Trebizond surrendered to the Mongol Empire.
-
Güyük elected as Great khan
-
The first registration of the population of the empire.
-
Great khan Güyük died
-
Möngke, the elder son of Tolui, elected as Great khan. The great purge of the Ogedied and Chagataid families.
-
Mongol control over Yunnan. The Administration of Monetary Affairs was established in Karakorum.
-
Hulagu exterminated the order of Hashshashins, whose leader was known as Old Man of the Mountain. The foundation of Ilkhanate. Baiju crushed the rebellion of the Seljuks in Turkey.
-
The first Mongol invasion of Đại Việt (Vietnam) which put the country in temporary humiliated vassalage. Mongols sacked Thăng Long (Hanoi). Deadly heat forced them to leave Vietnam.
-
The Mongols occupied Baghdad. The fate of Abbasid Caliphate.
-
The death of Möngke. Rebellions of ruling aristocracies in Georgia and Armenia. Second incursion against Poland, led by Burundai.
-
The Battle of Ain Jalut and the First Battle of Homs. Mongol defeated by Egyptian Mamluks.Two Great Khans in Mongol Empire: Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke. The Toluid Civil War had begun, which marked the end of a united empire.The end of the direct rule of Goyreo as a result of the peace treaty. Goryeo became a tributary client kingdom of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
-
The war between Golden Horde and Ilkhanate in Caucasus
-
Kaidu, with support from Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde, held an assembly to oppose Kublai. The School of Mongolian language studies was established by Kublai Khan's decree. Square script was introduced by Phagspa lama.
-
The establishment of Yuan Dynasty by Kublai Khan.
-
Paper money issued by the decree of Kublai Khan within the Yuan Dynasty.
-
The first Mongol invasion of Japan (Battle of Bun'ei). The second full scale census in the Golden Horde and its vassals Russian principalities. Smolensk, the last of Russian major city-states became subject to the Golden Horde.
-
The fall of Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.
-
Mongols of Yuan Dynasty became supreme lords of all China.
-
The second Mongol invasion of Japan Battle of Kōan. The Second Battle of Homs. Mongol defeated by Egyptian Mamluks.
-
Pagan Kingdom falls to Mongols of Yuan Dynasty who installed a puppet king. Third incursion against Poland.
-
Failed third Mongol invasion of Vietnam (Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)), which made Đại Việt and Champa tributary vassals of the Yuan Dynasty.
-
His grandson Oljeitu Temür became his successor of the Yuan Dynasty.
-
also known as the Third Battle of Homs. A Mongol victory over the Mamluks.