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Following unification of the Mongol tribes, Genghis Khan launches a campaign of conquest. His sons and grandsons create the world's biggest land empire.
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Weakened by disunity, the empire implodes. Ming troops oust the Mongols from Dadu - present-day Beijing.
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The Golden Horde is defeated by the Russian Prince Dmitriy Donskoy. Ming troops destroy the Mongol capital, Karakorum.
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The Manchu (Qing) empire conquers the southern Mongols, creating Inner Mongolia.
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The Qing empire offers protection to the northern Mongols, creating Outer Mongolia.
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The Treaty of Kyakhta fixes the western border between the Russian and Manchu empires, confirming Qing dominion over Mongolia and Tuva.
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The Qing dynasty falls and Outer Mongolia declares its independence. Russia and the Republic of China recognise its autonomy
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The Chinese army occupies Outer Mongolia.
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Mongolian revolutionaries found the Mongolian People's Party and open contact with Bolsheviks in Siberia.
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Former president Nambaryn Enkhbayar is sentenced to four years in jail for corruption
