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Temujin started his proces to conquer his rivals and unite the Mongol clan.
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The Mongols emerged in the 1200s and were known for their brutal yet successful military forces. They had superior tactics and weaponry that helped them be very brutal and successful.
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Temujin succeeded in his mission to unite the Mongol clan and earned the title Genghis Khan which means "Universal Ruler".
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Genghis Khan led the Mongols to conquer much of Asia and learned the art of siege warfare. They used siege warfare and gunpowder to conquer city after city.
Siege warfare- A military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of ocnquering by attrition or assault. -
Kublai Khan began his conquest of China.
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The Golden Horde conquered Russia under Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. They took Moscow and laid waste over the city of Keiv.
The Golden Horde- The Tartar and Mongol army, led by descedants of Genghis Khan, that overran Asia and parts of eastern Europe in the 13th century. -
The Great Khan of the Mongol Empire was given the title to Kublai Khan who held the power of the Khanate of the Great Khan.
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Marco Polo was sent on missions around China by the Yuan emperor with his father.
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The last ruler of the Song dynasty was defeated and Kublai Khan created a new dynasty called the Yuan dynasty which he was the emperor of.
Song Dynasty- The imperial dunasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy -
Because of the kamikaze, the Mongols weakened and in 1294 Kublai Khan died and several struggles broke out over the throne.
Kamikaze- Then: the "divine winds" that "helped" the Japanese win over teh Mongols; Now: A Japanese aircraft loaded with explosivesand making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. -
Marco Polo and his father returned home to Venice when Marco was soon captured in a battle and imprisoned whic he then wrote a book about his adventures in China as a prisoner.
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The Black Death wiped out most of Europe and spread form the MIddle East, Asia and Europe.
The Black Death- The epidemic of bubonic plague that killed a large part of the population of Europe in the mid 14th century -
Rebellions broke out among many Chinese factions against the Yuan dynasty.
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The Mongols were defeated by a rebel army.
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Zhu Yuanzhang , a peasant, and a reek army overthrew the mongol emperor that happened to be the last. He got named Hongwu.
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Hongwu died after reducing taxes, improving agriculture, and trade and bringing Confucian principles to the dynasty.
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Yonglo, Hongwu's son, took power after his death, and moved the Ming capital to Beijing where he built an imperial city with high walls and called it the Forbidden City and the walls were called the Great Wall of China.
The Great Wall of China- A fortified wall in northern China, extending some 1500 miles from Kansu province to the Yellow Sea north of Beijing.
The Forbidden City- An area of Beijing, China that contains the former imperial palaces, that only imperial family members could enter. -
A Chinese Muslim admiral, named Zheng He, led seven voyages around the Indian Ocean all the way out to Africa and lasted until 1433.
Junks- Trading ships the Zheng He took in fleets of 300 -
The Ming restricted foreign trade and travel so that they can limit contats from the outside.
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European traders and Christian missionaries came in and caused the isolation of China.
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Crops from the Americas reached China such as corn and sweet potatoes.
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The Ming dynasty began to decline and corruption increased when weak rulers took the throne.
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An Italian Jesuit priest named Matteo Ricci came into China and learned the Chinese language and adopted Chinese customs to gain acceptance.
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High taxes and crop failures led to rebellions, hardship and famine.
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Ming China lasted until now and during it's 300 years its rulers gained control of Mongolia, Korea, and parts of Central and Southeast Asia.
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The Manchu came into Beijing and took the capital and they formed a new dynasty called the Qing dynasty.
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Kangxi began ruling and reduced taxes. He also expanded the empire into Central Asia.
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Qianlong, Kangxi's grandson, expanded the empire to its largest size by conquering Tibet, Taiwan, and Mongolia.
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China's population had a boom and there were more than 300 million people.
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Lord George Macartney came into China to expand trade to Britain and the Chinese found their products to be inferior to their own. They made Lord George Macartney show respect to Emperor Qianlong by kowtowing.
Kowtowing- To kneel and touch the ground with the forehead in worship or submission as part of Chinese custom.
