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Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier in MLB- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CX3tv9uKj1I
Branch Rickey signed Robinson on October 23, 1945. His first game was on April 15, 1947, in Brooklyn. Fans were racist, but he never fought back. The only teammate to support him was Pee Wee Reese. In Robinson’s first game, Reese put his arms around Robinson. His teammates refused to play, so manager Leo Durocher told them they would be traded. Robinson won rookie of the year. He continued to play and other African Americans joined MLB. Today, 8.3% of players identify themselves as black. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Brown vs Board of education was about a little girl name Linda Brown who moved into a segregated community and wanted to go to a all white school. Linda Brown was denied into the school because the color of her skin. The NAACP took up her case and took it to court where Thurgood Marshall would represent Linda Brown. He won the case stating that schools could not segregate based on race. Schools were now forced to allow all children to schools.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak -
Lynching of Emmett Till https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqW4WkPxJ5Y
Till was lynched in Money, Mississippi for flirting with a white women. That night Till was lynched. His body was found in a river 3 days later. His body was brutally beaten. At his funeral, his mother decided to have an open casket to show what had been done. People seeing his body and hearing about his death increased momentum for the Civil Rights movement. The Till's murder trial brought light to Jim Crow laws in the South and was an early part of the African American civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was arrested for not moving when the bus driver asked her to move her seat. This lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott where African American would not ride the bus and find another transpiration or walk to where they have to go. With the success of the boycott, the Supreme Court ruled the buses not to be segregated. One of the key people who helped with the bus boycott Martin Luther King Jr. would soon be a key member in the civil right movement. -
Southern Manifesto
Southern Manifesto was issued in 1956 stating that the South will not tolerate integration of schools. Howard Smith was the one to introduce the document onto the House Floor. This would be applied in the South promoting the power of the state court. The Manifesto implied the Brown v. Board of Education to be powerless because “ It was a clear abuse of judicial power”. This allowed the Southern states to reject black students attending white schools. This pushes back the progress of integration. -
Little Rock Nine [http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement/videos/little-rock-nine-rev ]
In 1957 a group of 9 african american students start a revolutionary movement to break segregation in school by enrolling in Little Rock central high school located in AR. White protestors were displeased with the idea of diversity within their schools and started riots to prevent any of the little rock nine from entering. Governor Faubus sent more than 300 troops to prevent the Little Rock Nine from entering but was overruled by Eisenhower 1,200 man U.S. Army. -
Greensboro 4 ( https://youtu.be/-Rmjt0kJF0A )
4 black men took seats at a segregated lunch counter at Woolworth’s inn Greensboro.They were refused service but stayed seated until the store closed. The next day, 25 black men entered and still were refused service while taunted. Days following, there were up to 1,000 protesters in Woolworth’s. Sit-ins were being held which later followed to other states & cities. Colleges and student/city councils were involved, holding meetings. July 26th, 1960, Woolworth’s was desegregated. -
SNCC
Founded in April 1960 the SNCC(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) helped students protest civil rights. The founding of SNCC is important because they ran protests for civil rights for African Americans. Stokely Carmichael became head of the group. The group was created on the Shaw University campus. The SNCC was made for students to take part in the civil rights movement. It affected the civil rights movement by nonviolence and later took on militancy, following black activism trends. -
SNCC
Founded in April 1960 the SNCC(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) helped students protest civil rights. The founding of SNCC is important because they ran protests for civil rights for African Americans. Stokely Carmichael became head of the group. The group was created on the Shaw University campus. The SNCC was made for students to take part in the civil rights movement. It affected the civil rights movement by nonviolence and later took on militancy, following black activism trends. -
Freedom Rides https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FranrEa8vg
13 members of SNCC began their journey to challenge segregation in the South. Along the way the Freedom Riders were arrested and attacked. One bus was firebombed, the other was attacked by the KKK. The Freedom Riders had to complete their journey by plane. The CORE Riders decided to end the Freedom Rides. Federal troops were sent to protect them. Eventually, the Freedom Riders were arrested “for their own good”. The next year interstate segregated travel was ruled unconstitutional. -
James Meredith Attends University of Mississippi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-F8K6p651v8
On September 20, 1962, James Meredith enrolled himself in the University of Mississippi to begin classes. Meredith was the first student of color to be accepted into a all white school. People did not agree with his acceptance and began riots and planned attacks. As Meredith tried to enter the school, he realized that it was with protesters that were not afraid to shoot. JFK and Robert Kennedy assisted Meredith with entering the school safely. This brought more equal school rights to everyone. -
Birmingham Campaign https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sflqdV0QeNE
The Birmingham Campaign was a movement organized by the SCLC in an effort to try and bring attention to the integration of African-Americans in Birmingham.Organizer James Bevel proposed that they should use young children in demonstrations. There was televised footage of African-Americans being attacked by dogs and fire hoses.hundreds of school students, and adults would all participate in these marches. Many people would get arrested during these marches, including Martin Luther King. -
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail
The letter was important to the movement because it showed that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would continue to speak his mind about racial injustice, even if he was confined to a jail cell. The letter showed the world Dr. King’s nonviolent approach, passion for change, and powerful voice during a massive movement that spread like a wildfire.
http://okra.stanford.edu/transcription/document_images/undecided/630416-019.pdf -
Medgar Evers Assassination (http://www.biography.com/people/medgar-evers-9542324/videos/medgar-evers-%E2%80%93-assassination-109149763632)
Medgar Evers was a Civil Rights Activist. He tried to apply to the University of Mississippi Law School but was rejected. He joined up with the NAACP to try to integrate the university with a lawsuit. He then became a state field secretary for the NAACP. Evers became a huge target. Evers was assassinated on June 12, 1963 when he was shot in the back on his driveway. Evers was a key figure of the civil rights movement. The U.S navy bestowed his name on one of their vessels. -
Period: to
March on Washington
The march on Washington was a monumental point for civil rights in america. It was held in front of the Lincoln Memorial and was organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin. Thousands of Americans marched and heard MLK's famous "I Have a Dream” speech, which still echoes today. It demanded civil rights for African Americans. A year later, in 1964 the civil rights act of 1964 was passed guaranteeing legal rights for everyone regardless of race,religion,or gender. -
Civil rights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a law that was passed that outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion and gender. Congress expanded the act and made more laws that targeted bringing equality to African-Americans and their right to vote. There is no more segregation because it was outlawed and now enforced by the Federal Government. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaRUca7FyAc -
Malcolm X "The Ballot or the Bullet"
Selvin Haynes
Malcolm X, a Muslim minister, was an influential figure in the civil rights movement. Unlike King, Malcolm X had different beliefs on how to handle discrimination and prejudice against blacks. He thought that blacks should protect their rights “by any means necessary.” On April 3, 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio, Malcolm X gave a speech titled “The Ballots or the Bullets.” His life was cut short on February 21, 1965 by Nation of Islam members. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6NxpzLLz-s -
Mississippi Burning- http://wreg.com/2016/06/20/mississippi-burning-case-officially-closed-after-52-years/
In June of 1964, 3 civil rights workers named Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, and Michael Schwerner were abducted and killed in Neshoba County, MS.They had just been released by the police after being taken in for speeding.When they left, they were followed/abducted.Their car was burned and driven into a swamp.The 3 men were shot and buried.The case got attention from the local police, the FBI, and 400 sailors of the U.S. Navy .The anger over the case helped pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Bloody Sunday~ https://youtu.be/a6InULio9fo
An African American protest in Selma, Alabama was led by SNCC & SCLC leaders.600 marchers crossed the Edmund Pettus bridge.Alabama state troopers blocked them.The state troopers told the protesters to turn around but instead the protesters kept protesting.The state troopers then took matters into their own hands and began shooting into the crowd, spraying the air with gas and brutally beating the protesters. This led to the Civil Rights Act of 1965. -
Watts Riots
Rory Smith
-Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 16th 1965.
The riots started when white policemen arrested a black motorist who was drunk driving. A crowd gathered to watch and grew angry by what they believed to be another act of racially motivated abuse by the police. The riots grew and by day four there were around 100 fire brigades in the areas, trying to put out fires started by rioters. The riots were blamed on police racism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Au9oohI1MuM -
The Black Panthers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F56O3kZ9qr0
The Black Panther party was started in Oakland, California. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the group. SNCC field organizer Stokely Carmichael, served in organizations in the Black Power movement. They was a militant civil rights group. The party grew to support black liberation. The Black Panthers were armed and ready to defend themselves, like Malcolm X. This is different from MLK, who preached nonviolent protest. The Black Panthers made blacks in many communities more violent. -
MLK ASSASSINATION
MLK was assassinated on April 4th, 1968 at the Lorraine motel in Memphis Tennessee. MLK was best known for his peaceful protests for civil rights. He was assassinated by James Earl Ray, a known racist and small-time criminal from Illinois. The assassination of Martin Luther King sparked aggressive protests in the nation’s cities and led to the increased power of the Black Panther movement.
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