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Thought to have been one of the world's largest cities at the time, but little is known about its ethnic and political nature.
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War of Independence ends with the creation of the short-living Mexican Empire, which includes Central America to the southern border of modern-day Costa Rica, as well as what is now the southwestern US.
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Mexico becomes a federal republic after the ouster and exile of Emperor Augustin de Iturbide. Central American provinces secede, becoming the countries of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
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"La Reforma" period, characterised by liberal reforms limiting the power and landholdings of the Catholic Church. Libreals and Conservaties where fighting in that war.
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Mexican Revolution ends the Porfirio Diaz dictatorship and leads to establishment of a constitutional republic.
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US forces withdraw, having failed to kill Villa. A new constitution is adopted, which is designed to ensure permanent democracy in Mexico.
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The National Revolutionary Party is formed. In 1946 it is re-named the Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI.
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The PRI suffers heavy losses in elections and loses its overall majority in the lower house of parliament for the first time since 1929.
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Vicente Fox of the opposition Alliance for Change wins presidential elections, the first opposition candidate ever to do so. Parliamentary elections see the Alliance for Change emerge as the strongest party, beating the PRI by just over 1%.
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Former President Luis Echeverria is questioned about massacres of student protesters in 1968, when he was interior minister, and in 1971 when he was president.
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Conservative candidate Felipe Calderon is declared the winner of presidential elections with a razor-thin majority over his leftist rival, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who challenges the result with mass street protests. The Federal Electoral Tribunal confirms Mr Calderon's win in September.
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Government unveils package of emergency measures worth nearly $150m (£100m) to protect economy from effects of US economic downturn.Opposition Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) makes large gains in mid-term congressional elections, winning 48% of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
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The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Enrique Pena Nieto wins presidential election.
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Plans are announced to bring regional government and police to be brought under federal control after mass protests over the disappearance in September of 43 trainee teachers in the southwestern state of Guerrero.
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Governing Institutional Revolutionary Party and its allies lose seats but hold onto power as independents and the new leftwing party Morena make a strong showing in regional and local polls.
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President Enrique Pena Nieto announces proposals to reform the constitution to allow same sex marriages across the country.
