McDowell’s history of healthcare

By Mircea1
  • Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE

    Early beginnings

  • 3900 BCE

    Diseases caused by?

    Evil spirits
  • 3600 BCE

    Treatments for sick?

    Prayer, exorcism, blood letting
  • 3100 BCE

    Medicines used today

    Digitalis, quinine, belladonna and atropine, Morphine
  • Period: 2999 BCE to 399

    Ancient Times

  • 2900 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Health records, priests as physicians, splitting fractures and blood letting with leaches to heal.
  • 1900 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Development of acupuncture:
    Treated a variety of illnesses and diseases using stone tools, still a common use today.
  • 900 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    Illness cause Nature vs. spiritual:
    First to study the disease and determined that it might be natural not spiritual.
    Dissection:
    Religious did not allow body’s to be dissected. Studied the anatomy from observation from the external body.
    Hippocrates:
    Wrote the standard of ethics called the oath of Hippocrates. Basis for today’s medical ethics.
  • 100

    Ancient Roman’s

    Sanitation systems:
    They found out that some diseases were caused from lack of sanitation. They brought clean water into their systems. Public baths with filtered systems.
    Organize medical care:
    They sent medical equipment and physicians with the army’s to care for someone if they got hurt. Payed by Roman government. They wore a death mask to keep away bad odors they believed.
    Hospital development:
    Ill people would stay in people’s houses and that was the start of the hospital
  • Period: 400 to 800

    Dark Age

  • 500

    Why the study of medicine

    When Roman’s were conquered by the Huns the study of medicine stopped. They thought that life and death was in gods hands so they had no interest.
  • 700

    How do they treat diseases

    They treated diseases with a medicine that had a herbal mixture.
  • Period: 800 to 1400

    Middle age

  • 1100

    Epidemics

    A lot of deaths were caused because of epidemics the bubonic plague alone caused 60 million deaths.
    There were a lot more diseases that caused a lot of deaths. Some of those were not treatable but some you could get medicine.
  • Period: 1350 to

    Renaissance

  • 1450

    Rebirth

    Universities:
    Building medical schools for research. Search for new ideas.
    Dissection:
    Accepted dissection to study bodies.
    Books:
    Books allowed more access to knowledge from researchers.
  • Period: 1501 to

    16th and 17th centuries

  • Leonardo da Vinci
    1515

    Leonardo da Vinci

    Leonardo studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
  • 1550

    Gabriele fallopius

    She discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy.
  • 1563

    Bartolommeo eustachio

    He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat.
  • William Harvey

    William Harvey

    He used his knowledge and discovered the circulation of blood and the pumping heart.
  • Antoine von Leeuwenhoek

    He invited the microscope which helps with seeing things that are microscopic.
  • Apothecaries

    They sold medicine and prepared them for the patients.
  • Period: to

    18th century

  • Benjamin Franklin

    Benjamin Franklin

    He Discovered bifocals and found out that colds could be passed from person to person.
  • Medical students learning

    Many discoveries required teaching medicine. Students not only attended lectures in the classroom. They also did laboratories and observed patients.
  • Joseph priestly

    Discovered the element of oxygen and observed that plants need fresh air, and it has a lot of oxygen.
  • Edward Jenner

    Edward Jenner

    He’s discovered the method of vaccination for multiple diseases. He saved many of lives by finding this vaccination, and it led to immunization to prevent it in public.
  • Rene Leannec

    She invented the stethoscope it’s so you can hear the heart and lungs.
  • Period: to

    19th and 20th centuries

  • Florence nightingale

    Her family oppose for caring for the ill because of her culture. She convinced her father to give her money to gain experience for volunteering at hospitals during the Crimean war.
  • Ignaz Semmelweis

    Identify the cause of childbed fever a lot of women died from giving child birth. Dirty hand spreads a lot of diseases.
  • Louis Pasteur

    Louis Pasteur

    He was known as The father of microbiology that discovered tiny micro organisms that were everywhere he proved that microorganisms caused disease. Also discovered that heating milk would kill bacteria. He created the rabies vaccine.
  • Dmitri Ivanovski

    He discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope at the time viruses were not studying until a electronic microscope, which was invented in Germany.
  • Joseph lister

    He learned about pastor discovery that microorganisms cause infection and carblic acid on moods would kill germs. He became the first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery, which helped prevent infections.
  • Ernst von Bergmann

    Ernst von Bergmann

    He developed a method to keep an area for anti-germs free before surgery to keep bacteria away.
  • Robert Koch

    Discovered many diseases causing organisms develop to culture to identify pathogens and isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
  • Paul ehrlich

    Discovered the effect of medicine diseases causing microorganisms. But it was not effective in killing other bacteria. His treatment was to try to cure syphilis.
  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    Wilhelm Roentgen

    He discovered x-rays, he took the very first picture using x-rays. It was used to see inside the body.
  • Anesthesia

    Anesthesia is a drug that helps put you under when you have surgery so you don’t feel pain. Back in the day they didn’t have anesthesia so you felt everything. With anesthesia doctors can do a lot more complicated surgery’s.
  • Sir Alexander Fleming

    Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. Penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries in the 20th century. before penicillin was discovered, people died of illnesses that were considered curable today, including pneumonia and blood poisoning, Gonorrhea.
  • Sigmund Freud

    Sigmund Freud

    He discovered the conscious and unconscious of the mind. He determined that the mind and body work together. His study was the basis of psychology.
  • Gerhard Domagk

    He discovered sulfonamide compounds, which were the first medication effective and killing bacteria and killing deadly diseases.
  • Jonas Salk

    Jonas Salk

    He discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis this virus, paralyzed thousands of adults and children, and it detected more athletic people.
  • Albert Sabin

    He he used life, polio viruses vaccines. That vaccine is used today still to immunized babies against this disease.
  • Francis Crick and James Watson

    They discovered the molecule structure of DNA known as the double helix. They explained how the DNA replicate’s and how hereditary information is coded on.
  • Christian Barnard

    Christian Barnard

    He performed the first successful heart transplant.
  • Ben Carson

    He separates Siamese twins and performs hemispherectomies surgery’s on the brain to stop seizures.
  • Period: to

    21st century

  • Robotic surgery

    Robotic surgeries help doctors perform very precise surgeries. Put da Vinci robot is one of the first robots that was improved in the 2000. These robotic surgeries are used for things like prostate, heart and gynecological surgeries.
  • 3D Printed body parts

    Doctors began using 30 printed body parts to make custom bones and teeth and skin bad for people.
  • Better cancer treatment

    Immunotherapy cancer treatment is a Way to treat cancer by helping the bodies immune system fight it is used for many cancers.
  • Personal Health care

    Healthcare is now not just about your actual health. It is about your physical health, your mental health, your social health, your spiritual health, your emotional health, which is a big advancement to just caring about your physical health. People now go see therapist chiropractors, and practitioners to suit their medical needs.
  • Health Apps

    Health Apps

    Devices like Apple Watch and Fitbit are able to track like heart rate and Sleep and the amount of steps you take. These tools can help people stay healthy and fit. They can also alert you if there is problems with your health.
  • RSV vaccine

    The RSV vaccine was a very big thing during Covid to help fight the virus. And to prevent getting COVID the future.
  • Patients staying home

    Nurses are now visiting patients at home. And when you have surgery, you get to go home a lot sooner than you did before because you’re more comfortable at home than in the hospital. People staying at home was a really big thing during the pandemic. So I was easier to just all and order medicine or whatever.