-
Invention of the Cotton Gin (continued)
made. Slaves were still used to pick the cotton and to run the machine. The Cotton Gin also created an increase in the need of slaves. -
Invention of the Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney. The invention was patent on March 14, 1794, though it was still subject to coping. When Whitney patents the invention it could not be upheld in court until 1807. The Cotton Gin made processing cotton quick and easier by automatically separating the seeds out of the cotton. It could clean up to 50 pounds of cotton a day. Because of this, the Cotton Gin caused an increase in the production of cotton that the south made. Slaves were still used to -
Missouri Compromise (continued)
The only state allowed slavery above the line was Missouri. The Missouri Compromise is also was known as the Compromise of 1820. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820. The agreement was that in order to create a slave state, Missouri, there needed to be a Free State, Maine. The Compromise also included that slavery wouldn't be allowed of the 36° 30' line in the Louisiana Purchase Land. The compromise was decided so there would be equal power between North and South. It was later repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. The content of the document was also brought into question by the Dred Scott decision. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a series of passages used by Harriet Tubman to free slaves by leading them from the south to Canada. The fugitive slave act made it a felony for northerners to help fugitive slaves. This prevented the fugitives from escape just to the North, this Act also made it more difficult for slaves to escape in general. The Railroad was a series of trails and hideouts, used to help slaves escape to freedom. -
Underground Railroad (continued)
By doing this, she was known as the Moses of her people. Owners were so impacted they set a 40,000 bounty for her. -
Wilmot Proviso
It was one of the major cause of the War. It was introduced by David Wilmot. The bill never passed through the senate, thus stopping the bill from ever becoming law. The Proviso stated that slavery wouldn't be allowed in the land aquired from Mexico. The southern senators refused to allow it to become law. It was proposed to congress 3 times. It also caused trouble for presidental candidates like Taylor, because of the sensative subject. Most candidatees tried to stay away from the subject. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five bills passed in September of 1850. It was written by Henry Clay. A compromise stated that Texas surrender its claim to New Mexico territory. It also stated that California would be accepted as a free state. The compromise also banned the slave trade in the District of Columbia or DC. It said that the Wilmont Proviso would not be adopted by the Union. Finally it stated that the fugitive slave act would be more strictly enforced. -
Compromise of 1850 (Continued)
The death of president Zachary Taylor made it possible for the compromise to be accomplished. The compromise was written by Henry Clay. The compromise also banned the slave trade in the District of Columbia or DC. -
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written in 1852, by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book focused on the issue of slavery, by the main character being an abused slave. The book was very popular among the commoners in England. Though, the book also, in some places in the South the book was outlawed. Stowe was a teacher from Connecticut and the daughter of a famous abolitionist. Abraham Lincoln referred to Stowe as the little lady who started the big war. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin (continued)
The book was one of the best-selling novel of the 19th century. It, also gathered support for the abolitionist cause. -
Caning of Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner was a republican senator from Massachusetts. A South Carolina representative, Preston Brooks, was the one that Caned Charles Sumner. Sumner speech, “Crimes against Kansas”, was what set Brooks off to do the crime. It took about two and a half years for Sumner to recover. Sumner never really fully recovered though, from his injuries. Brooks’ crime was backed up by southern democrats. They sent him canes that were inscribed with the words “hit him again”. -
Caning of Charles Sumner (continued)
Because of the caning Brooks was fined $300 dollars. -
Dred Scott Decision
James Buchanan was the president during the Dred Scott decision. The supreme court decided he was property and wasn't a citizen. The Dred Scott case was that if he was taken into a free state then he should be set free. With the decision of the supreme court it lowered slaves not just non-citizens but it said that they weren't even people. The Supreme Court also ruled that the compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. It said that the fifth amendment supported their decision. -
Dred Scott Decision (continued)
The decision made dispute between North and South more difficult and common. The majority of the court were Southern Democrats leaving people to believe the decision was biased. -
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Lincoln-Douglas debates were a series of seven debates between former Illinois representative, Abraham Lincoln, and Illinois senator, Stephen Douglas. The debates were over the 1860 presidential election. The main issue that was debated was slavery. This is where Stephen Douglas said the Freeport Doctrine. This is also where Lincoln announced the House Divided Plan. Douglas also backed-up his Kansas- Nebraska act. During a debate Douglas spoke about how he supported the Dred Scott Decision. -
Lincoln-Douglas Debates (continued)
The Lincoln-Douglas debate also gave us the grammatical format that we use for debates. -
Raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia
The Raid on Harper’s Ferry was conducted by racial abolitionist John Brown. Brown’s plan was to start an armed slave revolt. He planned to accomplish this by seizing the US arsenal that was located at Harper’s Ferry. John Brown invited Harriet Tubman, and Fredrick Douglas, however, Tubman was ill and Douglas didn’t believe that Brown would succeed, so he didn’t show up. John Brown was found guilty of treason and hanged. -
Raid on Harper's Ferry (continued)
Ten of the raiders were killed, including two of John Brown’s sons. Only five raiders escaped and never captured. John Brown’s raid caused southern militias to up their security. -
Election of 1860
In the election the issue of slavery played an important part, it was the main issue debated. The election of 1860 was held on November 6; between four candidates. The democrats decided their candidate in Charleston, SC. However, the convention was a disaster; they meet again in Baltimore, MD. For the Democrats there was the "little giant", Stephen Douglas, also from Illinois. The Republican candidate was Abraham Lincoln, a representative from Illinois. -
Election of 1860 (continued)
Lincoln ended up winning by a landslide of 180 electoral votes to 12. Though, Douglas technically won the popular vote. -
Formation of the Confederate States of America
The President of the Confederate States of America was Jefferson Davis. The capital was Richmond Virginia. The Vice President was Alexander Stephens. The C.S.A had a population of a little over 9 million people. The government only lasted from 1861 to 1865, four years. The election of President Abraham Lincoln was the reason for the secession. South Carolina was the first state to secession from the Union. Kentucky was the only state in the south that didn’t join the confederacy. -
Fort Sumter (continued)
-
Fort Sumter
-
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run was known by the confederates as the First Manassas Battle. The fighting began in July 21, 1861. It was the first major head to head battle of the Civil War. The confederates were the victors of that battle. All together there were about 5,000 causalities. The Union Army lost due to them being unorganized. McDowell was the Union Leader. Beauregard was the CSA leader. -
Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh is also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing to the Confederate army. The battle was fought between April 6 to April 7, 1862. There were over 23,000 causalities. The Confederate Army was lead by Beauregard. The Union army was led by Grant. The battle was fought after the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The Union Army had over 66,000 troops. While the Confederate Army had a little over 44,000 troops. -
Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam is known for being the bloodiest one-day battle in the Civil War and American History in general. This was the first attempt by the confederate army to invade the North. The union army was lead by George B. McClellan; the Confederate Army was lead by Robert E. Lee. All together there were an estimated 23,000 casualties. The Battle was also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, mostly by the South. It was fought on September 17, in 1862. -
Battle of Antietam (continued)
31% of the Confederate Army was lost; while 25% of the Union army was lost. The battles also mortally wounded three Union Generals, and killed two Confederate Generals -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was released in January 1, 1863. It released slaves in all states that were fighting against the Union. Though the proclamation freed the slaves in the Confederate States of American it didn’t give the slave owners compensation. The proclamation also didn’t make the slaves that it freed citizens. It applied only to ten states, the ones still that were in rebellion. Lincoln really said that he would release and emancipation proclamation on September 22, 1862. -
Emancipation Proclamation (continued)
however the C.S.A. didn’t return to the union until January 1, 1863. The Proclamation made the abolition of slaves the main goal of the war. Slavery however, was not made illegal in the United States until the 13th amendment of the constitution. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle started in Gettysburg, Virginia in July of 1863. The confederate army had 75,000 men, while the Union Army had 97,000 men. The Union army was lead by George G. Meade; the Confederate Army though, was lead by Robert E. Lee. This is the battle where the superiority of the North over the South became clear, to everyone. More men fought and perished in the Battle of Gettysburg than any other battle in American History. This battle ended the Confederates plan to invaded the North. -
Battle of Gettysburg (continued)
It also kept Great Britain from ever recognizing the Confederate States of America as an independent country. This was the Battle that Abraham Lincoln did his famous Gettysburg Address about. -
Siege at Vicksburg
The Siege of Vicksburg took places between the dates of 18th of May till the 4th of July. It was the last major Military action made during the Civil War. It was Lt. Grant that decided to barricade the city. Even as Grant was making his way to the city, the Confederate leader, John C. Pemberton, put only 18,500 troops to defend the city. Grants plan was to overwhelm the Confederates before they could really understand and react to what was going on. -
Siege at Vicksburg (continued)
The causalities of the siege were 157 that were killed with 777 that were wounded. The Union army bombarded, Vicksburg during all hours of the night. The Confederate Army surrendered, and Grant paroled all prisoners of the siege. -
Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address was a speech made about the battle at Gettysburg. It is said to be the most empowering speech ever given by a United States president. In the speech he talks about how the people who died in that battle would not die without a cause. It was given at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery. In the speech he also introduces the moral reason for the war. The Gettysburg Address also helped bring the union closer to it goal of preserving the union. -
The Gettysburg Address (continued)
With the speech Abraham Lincoln was able to bring new found hope to the war stricken nation. Some sources even speculate that while giving the speech Abraham Lincoln could have been in the climax of a small outbreak of smallpox. -
Election of 1864
In the Election of 1864 the two candidates were Abraham Lincoln, and George E. McClellan. Abraham Lincoln was the Winner of the election. George B. McClellan was the former Union Leader. He also ran as a Peace Candidate; however it is said didn’t really support the party. Lincoln ran as a National Union Party. Lincoln won by 400,000 votes. Only six weeks after he was inaugurated he was shot and killed. The only states that voted for McClellan were Delaware and Kentucky. -
Sherman's "March to the Sea"
Major General William Tecumseh Sherman, from the Union Army, was the one who conducted the March from November 15 to December 21 in 1864. The Union Army started the March from Atlanta Georgia, after they burned the city to the ground. The march was done to basically destroy what was left in the south after the major fighting was over. It was the Unino General Ulysses S. Grant who demanded the plan to wage total war on the South. -
Sherman's "March to the Sea" (continued)
The march was a total of 300 miles. After reaching the sea the Union army headed north, so they could meet back up with the rest of the army. The March cost the confederacy an estimated $100 million dollars. It also cost the south much of its live stock, and its crops. -
Siege of Richmond
The siege of Richmond is associated with the siege of Petersburg. The battle was fought from the ninth of June in 1864, to the 25 in March in 1865. The battle was mostly Trench Warfare. They decided to siege Petersburg because it was the place where the confederate army received most of their supplies. Richmond was more of a symbolic thing, by it being the confederate’s capital. Before this battle Lt. General was newly commanded to the head of the Union Army. -
Siege of Richmond (continued)
Many of the Unions plans failed before they finally started to see their plans working. During the siege Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman was put in charge of the armies heading west. -
Appomattox Courthouse, VA (Continued)
This is the court house where the war, that cost the lives 630,000 people and over 1 million casualties,finally ended. -
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
The Appomattox courthouse in Virginia was built in 1892. The courthouse was the place where Robert E .Lee surrendered on Palm Sunday 1865. Before the surrender the courthouse was used as the headquarters for major Gen. John Gibbons of the Union. It is known that at least 16 people attended the meeting. The most famous of the 16 attendees where Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. 28,231 parole passes were issued to the Confederate Army during the meeting. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by a southern sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth. The assassination took place on April 14, 1865. It took place at the infamous, now a days at least, Ford’s Theatre, in Washington D.C. He and his wife Mary were watching the play Our American Cousin, when Wilkes shot Lincoln. Lincoln was taken to a local hotel and pronounced dead the following morning. After Booth shot Lincoln he jumped onto the stage and broke his leg but still managed to escape. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (continued)
A large man hunt went on for Booth across the United States; he was found hiding in a local barn where he was shot down. Lincoln went down in history as the first president in American history to ever be assassinated. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment was added to the constitution on Dec 6, in 1865. The amendment states that slavery was to be declared illegal, not just to the former Confederate States, but also to the former Border States. Though slavery was abolished in this amendment, the south still had issues of granting African Americans rights, by the use of Black Codes. The amendment explains forced labor as threats of serious harm or physical restraint. -
13th Amendment (continued)
The amendment could said to have been proposed by Abraham Lincoln with his Emancipation Proclamation. President Lincoln was the one who demanded that the amendment be added to the republican platform. Charles Sumner also introduced a “Rough draft” of the 13th amendment in 1864. Laws against Vagrancy were one of the laws that were part of the Black codes. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment was added to the Constitution on July 9, in 1868. This is the second amendment of the Civil War amendments. It includes the Due Process Clause. This clause prohibits the state and the local government from keeping person rights of life, liberty, and property from them without steps being taken to ensure fairness. There is also the Equal Protection Clause, which requires just that each state makes sure that everyone has equal protection of justice. -
14th Amendment (continued)
The amendment also has parts that are aimed towards the confederacy. The amendment says that all people born in the United States are declared citizens. This clause was made so that the southern states couldn’t keep citizenship away from former slave’s children. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment is the last of the Civil War Amendments. It prohibits that government form denying any man the right to vote, because of race. It was adopted on February 3, 1870. It also included that congress had the power to enforce the law stated in this amendment. The other information in part one was that they can’t be denied the right to vote because of previous servitude. It was North Carolina that made it illegal for freed slaves to vote, in their constitution. -
15th Amendment (continued)
Thomas Peterson was the first African American to vote after the constitutional amendment was ratified. -
Election of 1876
The election of 1876 was probably one of the most controversial presidential election in our history. The cause of this is due to the confusion of the state electoral votes. The compromise 1877 was made to end the dispute between the two political parties. The compromise accomplished this by Ending the congressional radical reconstruction. The compromise demanded the removal of all federal troops from the former Confederate states of America. -
Election of 1876 (continued)
It also talked about the construction of another transcontinental railroad. The compromise said also that the railroad would be constructed by using the Texas and Pacific land. The ending of the compromise stated that legislation would have to help industrializes the south.
